Transcript Revising Drafts - People

CS5014
Research Methods in CS
Dr. Ayman Abdel-Hamid
Computer Science Department
Virginia Tech
Revising Drafts
Revising Drafts
© Dr. Ayman Abdel-Hamid, CS5014,
Fall 2006
1
Outline
Revising Drafts
•Techniques and Tips
•Strategies for Successive Drafts
•Check-list for Revising
Some of the material is based on Dr. Cliff Shaffer’s Notes for
CS5014. Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech
Revising Drafts
© Dr. Ayman Abdel-Hamid, CS5014,
Fall 2006
2
Tips for Revision 1/2
“Simply go through what you have written and try to curb
the length of sentences, question every passive verb and if
possible make it active, prune redundant words, and look
for nouns used instead of verbs."
“Every single word that I publish I write at least six
times."
Revising Drafts
© Dr. Ayman Abdel-Hamid, CS5014,
Fall 2006
3
Tips for Revision 2/2
•Effective revision is a skill that is acquired through practice
•A person can look at something “fresh" only so many times
Time can help... let it sit a couple days if schedule permits
Don't give it to coauthor/advisor/helper prematurely. If you
do, they will merely tell you what you would have discovered
yourself on the next proofreading
•You would normally go through several drafts!
Can you produce first drafts that need no revision
•For research paper write-ups, the writing should not all wait until
the end!
Revising Drafts
© Dr. Ayman Abdel-Hamid, CS5014,
Fall 2006
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Strategies for Successive Drafts 1/3
Try for content and organization in initial drafts
•Just get all of your thoughts and materials down in your first
draft. Postpone editing and revising for later.
•Don't use your time and energy on careful editing for spelling,
grammar, and choice of the right words.
•Try to write the entire first draft in one day. You can do this if
you start with a detailed outline.
Revising Drafts
© Dr. Ayman Abdel-Hamid, CS5014,
Fall 2006
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Strategies for Successive Drafts 2/3
Try for content and organization in initial drafts.
•When you think you have finished the first draft, ask yourself:
Have I covered my major points? (Return to your
outline and make sure you have actually developed
all your major arguments.)
Have you included the necessary figures and tables?
Do you have a conclusion, or did you leave it to your
reader to infer the conclusions from the data or
mathematics?
Revising Drafts
© Dr. Ayman Abdel-Hamid, CS5014,
Fall 2006
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Strategies for Successive Drafts 3/3
Let the document rest for a few hours or days before you
revise for organization.
Work a section at a time in the first drafts.
•This will help you focus on one or two ideas at a time.
•It avoids your getting bogged down by trying to think about
too much at once.
•Try to work on one section at one sitting. If you read through
the section, and stop to spend 30 minutes finding the right
words for a sentence, then you'll have to finish the next day,
which interrupts your train of thought.
Revising Drafts
© Dr. Ayman Abdel-Hamid, CS5014,
Fall 2006
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Distinction between Revising, Editing, and Proofreading 1/5
Revise before editing
•Many writers discover what they are going to say during
the actual process of composition.
•Exploratory writing is perfectly valid to use. However, in
the first draft you may
omit the main point of a passage
omit transitions or bridges from one section to the
next
omit essential information, or give too much
detail
omit context or background information
repeat information
Revising Drafts
© Dr. Ayman Abdel-Hamid, CS5014,
Fall 2006
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Distinction between Revising, Editing, and Proofreading 2/5
To revise is to
move the text around so that the order is logical
delete unnecessary information
add essential information
As you revise, ask yourself:
Have I introduced main points before detail?
Are the details complete and correct?
Is the information in the headings and subheadings
consistent with the information below them?
Did I add transitions between arguments, between
paragraphs, and between sections?
Revising Drafts
© Dr. Ayman Abdel-Hamid, CS5014,
Fall 2006
9
Distinction between Revising, Editing, and Proofreading 3/5
Edit before proofreading
At this point (after revision), all important ideas should be in
your paper and in the correct order
Run the spell checker.
Manually search for spelling errors that the spell
checker does not catch.
See if you can shorten sentences: avoid needless
words.
Verify that you have defined all terms, notation,
mnemonics, and abbreviations before use.
Check for paragraph length and unity. Do you have
one idea to a paragraph?
Check for opportunities to use displayed lists and
indentations that emphasize key points.
Revising Drafts
© Dr. Ayman Abdel-Hamid, CS5014,
Fall 2006
10
Distinction between Revising, Editing, and Proofreading 4/5
Edit before proofreading
Check for grammatical lapses such as subject-verb agreement,
misplaced modifiers, pronoun-antecedent agreement, parallel
elements, and tense switch.
Check for stylistic touches: remove redundant
expressions, vary overused words, strengthen verbs.
Check for word choice.
Check for special problems. For example, if your first
language has different rules for definite and indefinite
articles, check each sentence for proper use of definite and
indefinite articles.
Revising Drafts
© Dr. Ayman Abdel-Hamid, CS5014,
Fall 2006
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Distinction between Revising, Editing, and Proofreading 5/5
Proofread last
Print an unmarked copy of the manuscript on your desk
at home.
At the time in the day when you reach your intellectual
peak, reserve a block of several hours, and sit down and
carefully read without interruption.
Ask a friend to proofread your manuscript.
Run the spell checker again.
Revising Drafts
© Dr. Ayman Abdel-Hamid, CS5014,
Fall 2006
12
Check-list for Revising
•Delete any word, phrase, sentence whose loss does not change the
force or meaning
•Replace unnecessary long words with shorter ones (utilize  use)
•Re-factor sentences and paragraphs to put similar parts together
•Look for ambiguous phrases, unnecessary repetition, passive
voice
•Are all claims supported?
•Check the math, then do it again
•Is the notation as simple as possible? Is it consistent?
•Did you cite enough? Too much?
•Reference list properly numbered?
•Cross-references and bibliographic citations correct?
Revising Drafts
© Dr. Ayman Abdel-Hamid, CS5014,
Fall 2006
13