Transcript Grammar 8
Chapter 8 Entertainment and the Media The past , infinitive, Modal verbs, and pronouns. 1. The past continuous tense- the simple past tense versus the past continuous tense 2. Infinitives .2 3. Summary of modal verbs ; summary of .3 pronouns, indefinite pronouns How often do you watch television? .4 What types of programs do you enjoy? .5 .1 Part 1/ The past continuous tense; the simple past tense versus the past continuous /p 224 ‘ Good evening and welcome to the Channel 12 • six o’clock news. In our top story tonight, there was an attempted robbery at the Battle Bank in Bakerstown at 3:55 this afternoon . The bank was closing for the day when the robbers burst in . According to eyewitnesses, all three were wearing masks, and two were carrying guns. When they demanded money, a quick – thinking bank teller pushed a silent alarm that signals the local police. The police arrived just as the robbers were making their getaway. The suspects were racing down Baker Street when the police caught up with them and arrested them. In other news, a fire burned down a private home in Clayton Corner last night. The fire started when a woman fell asleep in bed while watching TV. Firefighters believe a lit candle fell to the floor in the woman’s room while she was sleeping. By the time the woman and her family escaped from the house, the fire was burning out of control. Firefighters arrived at the scene within minutes . Two firefighters were injured while battling the flames. They are in good condition at the Adderbrook Hospital. ‘’On the lighter side, a local man is the winner of this month’s local photography competition . Alberto Fiorentino took the photograph while he was walking to work last week. We spoke to Mr. Fiorentino a short while ago to let him know about his success. He wasn’t expecting his photograph to win, so he delighted at the news . He called his wife right away to share the good news with her. Mr. Fiorentino gets a new digital camera, which is great as he was planning to buy one anyway! Join us for more news after this commercial break.’ Answer questions page 225 8.1 Statement- p- 226 Affirmative: • Past continuous statements consists of a past • form of be before the – ing form of a verb. I was watching the news at 6:00. • Negative; • Negative statements include not after the be verb. • He wasn’t talking with me. • 8.2 /Yes/ No Questions with the past continuous tense- p- 226 Affirmative: • Was the manager working? Yes, he was. No he wasn’t. • Were the police investigating the robbery? Yes, they were. • Negative • Wasn’t he running after me? Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t. • Weren’t they screaming? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t. • 8.3 / Information Questions with the past continuous / p- 226 Affirmative Statement • What were the suspect wearing? --masks • Who was carrying weapons ? Two of them were--. • Negative Statement • Why weren’t the boys screaming? Scared • Who wasn’t paying attention? Ahmed • 8.4- The simple Past Versus the past continous /p. 229 Simple past: • the action began and ended in the past. Example: • I read a book- I didn’t read a book. Past continuous • The action that was happening at a specific time • or during a period of time in the past. I was reading when I fell asleep. • She wasn’t using the computer at 8:00 last night. • Was she using the computer at 8:00 last night? • 8.5/ When and While /p 230 When • Clauses with when are often in the simple past. The action in • the when clause happened first. When the play ended, we went home. • While • Clauses with while are often in the past continuous. If two • actions are in the past continuous, this means that the two actions are going on at the same time. While I was watching TV, my brother was writing. • When or while: • The simple past and the past continuous can appear in the • same sentence. In this cases , the while begins clauses with the past continuous. When begins clauses with the simple past. My mother was listening to the radio when she got the call. Or My mother got the call when she was listening. 8.6/ Part 2/ page 235 Infinitive after Verbs The main verb before the infinitive can be in any tense. ask to –is asking to – will ask to , or asked to-Ask to call He is asking to go We will ask to eat He asked to drive Infinitive after Verbs: Ask to– begin to - continue to- decide to- expect to- fail to- forget to- hope to- know how to- learn to- like to – manage to – mean to- need to –offer to- plan to- prefer to- prepare to- pretend toremember to- seem to- start to- teach to- try to- want to- would like to- 8.7/ Infinitive after Adjectives / page 239 Subject +be + adjective+ infinitive. She is happy to read. It + be+ adjective + infinitive. It is important to read With Subjects: I- he – she – Sami- we – you- they afraid to eat– ashamed to- fortunate to- glad to- happy to- proud to- prepared to- sad to – willing to-relieved to – ready to With It: It is dangerous to drive- difficult to- easy toembarrassing to- expensive to- fun to- good toimportant to- impossible to- irresponsible to – necessary to- nice to – pleasant to – possible torude to- safe to- simple to – wrong to-- 8.8/ Infinitive of Purpose / page 239 Affirmative: it is a purpose phrase, to = in order to Let's go outside to get some air. Turn on the TV to watch the program. Negative: in order not to or so as not to He woke up early so as not to be late. He woke up early in order not to be late. 8. 9/ summary of modal verbs / page 245 part 3 Meaning / Ability Future/ possibility modal__________example cancan’t eat may/ might might go Prediction /future plan will/ won’t Requests can/ can’t could/ couldn’t will/ won’t would won’t go could you go? 8. 9/ summary of modal verbs / page 245 Meaning / permission Advice obligations stay modal__________example may may I go/ can/ can’t should/ shouldn’t shouldn’t go have to must / mustn't mustn’t 8.10/ Infinitive after Adjectives / page 248 Subject pronoun I You He She It We You They object pronoun me your him her it us you them possess adjectives my your his her its our your their 8.10/ Infinitive after Adjectives / page 248 Possessive pronouns mine Yours His Hers Ours Yours Theirs Reflexive pronouns myself yourself himself herself ourselves yourselves themselves 8.11 / Indefinite Pronouns/ page 249 some Explanation Indefinite Pronouns Examples A pronoun with some – usually appears in an affirmative statement or in a question . A pronoun with some – prefers to a specific unidentified person or thing Some-one / somebody Someone is making noise. Are you looking for somebody? 8.11 / Indefinite Pronouns/ page 249 no - any A pronoun with no- usually appears as the subject . A pronoun with no – means ‘not a’ or ‘not any’ not + any – is more common as the object . A pronoun with any- means ‘it doesn’t matter which No one No body Nothing anything Who left early? No one. Nobody liked to the production. Nothing is wrong. There isn’t anything to watch on TV. Did anyone call? There isn’t anybody at home. 8.11 / Indefinite Pronouns/ page 249 every A pronoun with every – means ‘all the people’ or all the things.’ everyone everybody everything Is everyone ready?\ Everybody likes this pen. We can’t see everything.