Transcript Here`s the Idea

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GRAMMAR, USAGE AND
MECHANICS
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Here’s the Idea
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Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 1- Complete Subjects & Predicates
Sentence
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Sentence: A sentence is a group of words that
expresses a complete thought.
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 1- Complete Subjects & Predicates
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Complete Sentence has two parts:
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Complete Subject: Includes all the words that tell whom
or what the sentence is about.
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Complete Predicate: Includes the verb and all the
words that tell about the verb.
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 2- Simple Subjects
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Simple Subject: Is the main word or words in the
complete subject.
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 3- Simple Predicates, or Verbs
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Simple Predicate: Is the main word or words in the
complete predicate.
Verb: Is a word used to express an action, a
condition, or a state of being.
 Linking
Verb: tells what the subject is.
 Action Verb: tells what the subject does, even when the
action cannot be seen.
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 4- Verb Phrases
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Verb Phrases: Is made up of a main verb and one
or more helping verbs.
Common Helping Verbs
Forms of be
is, am, was, are, were, be, been
Forms of do
do, does, did
Forms of have
has, have, had
Others
may, might, can, should, could, would, shall, will
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 5- Compound Sentence Parts
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Compound Subject: Is made up of two or more
subjects and share the same verb.
Compound Verb: Is made up of two or more verbs
that share the same subject.
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 6- Kinds of Sentences
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A sentence can be used to make a statement, ask a
question, make a request, or show strong feeling.
Four Kinds of Sentences:
 Declarative
 Interrogative
 Imperative
 Exclamatory
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Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 6- Kinds of Sentences
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A declarative sentence
makes a statement.
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Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
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Lesson 6- Kinds of Sentences
A declarative sentence always ends with a period.
I see something weird
in that tree.
It looks like a gray basketball.
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Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 6- Kinds of Sentences
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An interrogative sentence
asks a question.
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Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 6- Kinds of Sentences
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An interrogative sentence always ends with
a question mark.
What do you think it is?
Is it a hornet’s nest?
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Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 6- Kinds of Sentences
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An imperative sentence
tells or asks someone to
do something.
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Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 6- Kinds of Sentences
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An imperative sentence makes a request
or gives a command. It usually ends
with a period, but it may end with an
exclamation point.
Please don’t get too close to it.
Be careful!
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Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 6- Kinds of Sentences
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An exclamatory sentence
shows strong feeling.
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Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 6- Kinds of Sentences
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An exclamatory sentence always
ends with an exclamation point.
I see hornets flying out!
I’m getting out of here!
Why It Matters
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 6- Kinds of Sentences
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LITERARY MODEL
Scrooge: . . .Come, come, what is
it you want? Don’t waste all day,
Nephew.
Fred: I only want to wish you a
Merry Christmas, Uncle. Don’t
be cross.
INTERROGATIVE
IMPERATIVE
DECLARATIVE
—Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol
Practice and Apply
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 6- Kinds of Sentences
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Identify the following sentence as declarative,
interrogative, exclamatory, or imperative.
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I found an amusing story in a book
of folk humor.
Practice and Apply
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 6- Kinds of Sentences
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Identify the following sentence as declarative,
interrogative, exclamatory, or imperative.
2. Was it about a well-known judge
who lived in China?
Practice and Apply
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 6- Kinds of Sentences
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Identify the following sentence as declarative,
interrogative, exclamatory, or imperative.
3. That’s the one!
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 7- Subjects in Unusual Order
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In most questions, the subject comes after the verb
or between parts of the verb phrase.
The subject of a command, or Imperative sentence,
is usually you.
In some sentences beginning with here or there, the
subject follows the verb.
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 8- Complements: Subject Complements
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Complement: Is a word or a group of words that
completes the meaning of a verb.
Two kinds of Complements Subject
Complements: Is a word of group of words that
follows a linking verb and renames or describes the
subject.
Common Linking Verbs
Forms of be
Am, is, are, was, were, being,
been
Other linking Verbs
Appear, feel, look, sound,
seem, taste
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 9- Complements: Objects of Verbs
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Two Kinds of Complements Subject
Complements
 Objects of Verbs
 Direct
object: is a word or group of words that names the
receiver of the action.
 Indirect object: is a word or group of words that tells to
whom or what and action is performed.
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Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 10- Fragments and Run-Ons
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Sentence fragments and run-on
sentences are writing errors that
can make your writing difficult to
understand.
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Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 10- Fragments and Run-Ons
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Sentence Fragment: Is part of a sentence that is
written as if it were a complete sentence.
A sentence fragment might be missing a subject. To
correct it, add a subject.
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Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 10- Fragments and Run-Ons
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Run-On Sentence: Is two or more sentences written
as though they were a single sentence.
Fragments and run-on sentences can make your
writing confusing and difficult to read.
Practice and Apply
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 10- Fragments and Run-Ons
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Rewrite the following fragment as a
complete sentence.
4. Are cartoons that tell a story.
Practice and Apply
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 10- Fragments and Run-Ons
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Rewrite the following fragment as a
complete sentence.
5. Included Superman, Dick Tracy, and
Little Orphan Annie.
Practice and Apply
Chapter 1: The sentence and Its Parts
Lesson 10- Fragments and Run-Ons
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Correct this run-on sentence.
6. The boxes with the scenes are called
panels, the spaces with the dialogue
are called speech balloons.