Transcript Gerund or Infinitive

Gerund or
Infinitive?
We select the –ing from....
To create a NOUN from a verb to express a
general idea(Subject of the sentence in most
cases):
“Paying attention is essential in class”
After any preposition:
“I am looking forward to hearing from
you”
After certain verbal expressions (can’t stand, can’t
help, be/get used to, don’t mind/would mind, it’s no
use, it’s not worth):
“I can’t help getting angry when pupils speak in
class”
• As Direct Object of a list of verbs
(continue, enjoy, like, love, prefer, suggest,
recommend, etc...):
– “I prefer going to the beach”
To form gerunds, use
the base form + ing
(don’t’ forget the rules for spelling of ing form of verbs)
I enjoy learning English
To form negative gerunds, use
not + gerund
Not speaking English well is my
biggest problem in this country.
List of verbs followed by –ing form
Verbs Followed by a Gerund
“They enjoyed working on the boat”.
admit
advise
appreciate
avoid
can't help
complete
consider
delay
deny
detest
dislike
enjoy
escape
excuse
finish
forbid
get through
have
imagine
mind
miss
permit
postpone
practice
quit
recall
report
resent
resist
resume
risk
spend
(time)
suggest
tolerate
waste
(time)
We select Infinitive....
To form the subject of a verb that refers to
something specific:
“To answer this question is essential”
After some adjectives
and/or adverbs:
“I am happy to
announce my
daughter’s wedding”
“The wall was too high
to jump for young
children”
After the Indirect Object of certain
verbs (advise, invite, warn, teach, ...):
“The Headmaster warned the student
not to do that again”
Verbs of perception(hear, feel,...) ; LET; MAKE 
INF without TO:
– “I heard him enter the house”; “Let me explain”;
“She made me do it”.
To form infinitives use
to + base form of the verb
I want to dance
To form negative infinitives use
Not + infinitive
He decided not to go to the party.
List of verbs followed by Infinitive
Verbs Followed by an Infinitive
“She agreed to speak before the game.”
agree
aim
appear
arrange
ask
attempt
be able
beg
begin
care
choose
condescend
consent
continue
dare
decide
deserve
detest
dislike
expect
fail
forget
get
happen
have
hesitate
hope
hurry
intend
leap
leave
like
long
love
mean
neglect
offer
ought
plan
prefer
prepare
proceed
promise
propose
refuse
remember
say
shoot
start
stop
strive
swear
threaten
try
use
wait
want
wish
Verbs followed by Object and an
Infinitive:
Verbs Followed by an Object and an Infinitive
“Everyone expected her to win.”
advise
allow
ask
beg
bring
build
buy
challenge
choose
command
dare
direct
encourage
expect
forbid
force
have
hire
instruct
invite
lead
leave
let
like
love
motivate
order
pay
permit
persuade
prepare
promise
remind
require
send
teach
tell
urge
want
warn
Note: Some of these verbs are included in the list above
and may be used without an object.
Verbs that can be followed by both
“INFINITIVE” or “-ING”
No change in meaning: begin, propose, forbid, intend, start..
With a difference meaning: REMEMBER, FORGET, REGRET,
STOP, TRY...
REMEMBER/FORGET/REGRET:
+ INFINITIVE Future
+ -ing  Past
• Examples:
– “I remember attending to dance classes when
I was a child”
– “Remember to revise the questions before
handing out the exam”
– “My grandmother forgot to lock the door when
she left the house”
– “I repeated the activity because I forgot doing
it last week”
Verbs that can be followed by both
“INFINITIVE” or “-ING”
STOP:
+ ING don’t do this any longer
+ INFINITIVE stop doing something to start a new action
Examples:
“You have to stop writing at 10 o’clock.”
“After five hours of hard work we stopped to have a rest”
• TRY:
– +ING  “experiment”
– + INFINITIVE  “make the effort”
• Examples:
– “I was trying to open the door but I couldn’t.”
– “Why don’t you try using this key?”
Verbs that are followed by
a noun phrase + infinitive
can also be followed by a gerund.
The gerund makes it general and the
infinitive make specific the person
indicated.
They allow smoking in this building.
They allowed me to smoke in the
house.
These verbs are:
advise
allow
encourage
permit
require
urge
Both gerunds and infinitives can
occur in the perfect form
having done
to have done
It is used to indicate that the activity
is in the past
We appreciate having heard her sing.
We’re fortunate to have heard her
sing
Have
make
let
are causative verbs. They cause
someone to do something.
They are always followed by a noun
phrase + base form of verb.
Do not use an infinitive after these
verbs.
She made me fall.