Transcript Passive

PASSIVE+
REPORTED
SPEECH
YEUNG KA HEI(30)+YEUNG YEE MAN(31)
Passive
1.
We use a active verb to say what the
subject does:
Pattern: subject + verb + object
(SVO)
i.e. My grandfather is a builder. He built this
house in 2004.
→’He’ is the subject; ’built’ is the verb; and
‘this house’ is the object.
We use a passive verb to say what happens
to the subject:
The pattern of passive:
subject + be (is/was/have been etc.) + the
past participle (gone/seen etc.)
i.e. The house was built in 2004.
→∵The house can’t build by itself, so
we need to use passive voice.
If we compare active and passive, we can
see their difference:
i.e. Somebody built this house in 2004.
(active)
This house was built in 2004. (passive)
→In these two sentences, ’this house’ in
active is an object, but in the passive, it is a
subject.∴we have to use different voice.
2. When we use the passive, who or what
causes the action is often unknown or
unimportant:
i.e. The house was built in 2004.
→That means ‘who’ built this house is
not known or significant.
i.e. A lot of money was stolen in the
robbery.
→That means somebody stole it
but we don’t know who.
3. If we want to say who causes the action,
we can use by … :
i.e. The house was built by my father.
The meal was cooked by my mother.
→These two sentences can tell us who
does the action.
4. In different tenses, we have to use
different passive form: i.e. do
Simple
Present
Simple
Past
Simple
Future
Active
do/does
did
will do
Passive
is/am/are/be was/were
done
done
will be
done
Present Past
Present
Continue Continue Perfect
Past
Perfect
Active is/am/are was/were have/has had done
doing
doing
done
Passive is/am/are was/were have/has had been
being
being
been
done
done
done
done
5. There are some special cases:
a) I was born…
We say: I was born…(not ‘I am born’)
Where were you born? (not
‘where are you born’)
→In these cases, we use simple past tense
in passive.
∵it happened and we can’t born by
ourselves.
b) I don’t like being…
The passive of doing/seeing etc. is being
done/being seen etc.
Compare:
Active: Mr. Wong hates people keeping him
waiting.
Passive: Mr. Wong hates being kept waiting.
c) Get
Sometimes we can use get instead of be in
the passive:
i.e. There was a fight at the party but
nobody got hurt.
→means nobody was hurt
We can also use get to say that something
happens to somebody or something,
especially if this is unplanned or unexpected:
i.e. His dog got run over by a car.
※However, we use ‘get’ mainly in informal
spoken English. And we can use ‘be’ in all
situations.
Reported Speech
1. When we want to tell others what
somebody said, we could use reported
speech.
i.e. Direct: Ann said, ‘I am very happy.’
In direct speech, we use quotation marks to show what that person say.
Reported speech: Ann said that she was
very happy.
2. In reported speech, we usually use past
tense.
i.e. Tom said that he was sad.
She told me that she was ill.
And the word ‘that’ can be omitted.
i.e. Tom said he was ill.
3.
(I)
Pronouns, verbs and some words should
be changed in reported speech.
Changes in pronouns
Direct speech
I me my mine
We
us our ours
You you your yours
Reported speech
He/ She him/ her his/
her his/ hers
They them their
theirs
I/ They me/ them my/
their mine/ theirs
(II)
Changes in verb
Direct speech
Reported speech
Present
Past
Present perfect, Past
Past perfect
Future: will, shall, may, would, should, might,
can, must
could, had to
(III)
Changes in other words
Direct speech
Reported speech
now
Then/at that time/at that
moment
on that day
on the next/following day
on the pervious day/the day
before
the following week
the pervious week
there
that/those
today
tomorrow
yesterday
next week
last week
here
this/these
4.
If the situation is still true, you need
not change the verb.
i.e. Direct: Jack said, ‘New York is in
America.’
Reported speech: Jack said that New
York is in America.
(The situation hasn’t change .New
York is still in America.)
5. When we report a question, the word
order is different from a simple question.
Yes/No Question: if/whether
i.e. Direct speech: “Do you agree?” he
asked.
Reported speech: He asked me
if/whether I agree.
Questions with question words (what, who,
when, where, how etc.): keep the question
word
i.e. Direct speech: “What is your name ?”
she asked.
→Reported speech: She asked me what
my name was.
THE END