Transcript Present Tense Regular, Irregular, Stem

Present Tense Indicative
Regular, Irregular, Stem-changing
Regular verbs should be automatic for you:
hablar
yo hablo
nosotros hablamos
tú hablas
vosotros habláis
él, ella habla
ellos hablan
comer
como
comemos
comes
coméis
come
comen
vivir
vivo
vives
vive
vivimos
vivís
viven
Go here to do an assignment over regular verbs.
(Considered part of the homework to turn in if I
don’t make it classwork.)
Stem-changing verbs
When you learn a new verb, you HAVE to learn
whether it’s stem-changing as well. There are 3
categories:
e  ie
ei
o  ue
querer
pedir
poder
quiero queremos pido pedimos puedo podemos
quieres queréis
pides pedís
puedes podéis
quiere quieren
pide piden
puede pueden
Here are some common stem-changing verbs:
e  ie
ei
o  ue
querer (to want) pedir (to ask for)
cerrar (to close)
servir (to serve)
perder (to lose)
repetir (to repeat)
pensar (to think) seguir (to follow)
sentir (to feel)
decir (to say, tell)
sentarse (to sit down)
comenzar (to begin)
volver (to return)
poder (can)
dormir (to sleep)
morir (to die)
encontrar (to find)
acostarse (to go to bed)
recordar (to remember)
preferir (to prefer)
empezar (to begin)
entender (to understand)
despertarse (to wake up)
almorzar (to have lunch)
Sometimes you have more than one “e” or “o” in the stem.
Remember that it’s the last vowel in the stem that changes.
The stem-changing verbs on the previous page are
some of the most common. But when you’ve
learned others, & you will be learning more as
you look them up for use in writing, BE SURE YOU
NOTE WHETHER EVERY VERB YOU LOOK
UP/LEARN IS STEM-CHANGING OR NOT.
Duh question: figure out if “masticar” (to chew) is stemchanging.
Duh answer: exactly which vowel in that word could you stemchange? Point: only words that have an e or o right before
the –ar/-er/-ir can be stem-changing, so don’t bother trying
to find out, if there’s no e or o there.
The one u  ue stem-changing verb is “jugar.”
juego
juegas
juega
jugamos
jugáis
juegan
Irregular Verbs
VERY irregular verbs:
ser
soy somos
eres sois
es son
oír
oigo oímos
oyes oís
oye
oyen
estar
estoy estamos
estás estáis
está están
ir
voy vamos
vas vais
va van
Verbs irregular only in the first person singular
dar – doy
conocer – conozco
traer – traigo
poner – pongo
salir – salgo
ver – veo
*tener – tengo *venir – vengo
*These verbs are also stem-changing.
saber – sé
hacer – hago
dar – doy
*decir – digo
The previous slides contained irregular verbs you’ve already
learned. Following are additional irregular verbs.
Irregular in first person only:
caer – caigo
caber – quepo
to fall
to fit (inside something)
valer – valgo
to be worth
nacer – nazco
crecer – crezco
to be born
to grow
parecer – parezco
conducir – conduzco
to appear
to drive
producir – produzco
traducir -- traduzco
to produce
to translate
Most words that end with –cer or –cir are conjugated with
–zco in the 1st person.
The following verbs stem-change in 1st, 2nd, 3rd singular
& 3rd plural.
huir
constuir
to flee
to build
huyo huimos
huyes huís
huye huyen
construyo construimos
construyes construís
construye construyen
fluir
destruir
to flow
to destroy
fluyo
fluyes
fluye
fluimos
fluís
fluyen
destruyo
destruyes
destruye
destruimos
destruís
destruyen
ALL verbs that end in –uir are conjugated as
the previous four. Note that oír, with the
exception of the irregular yo form, is
conjugated the same way.
Spelling Changes
Verbs spell change in the present indicative for the same
reason they change in the preterit and in the present
subjunctive: to maintain the pronunciation of a consonant.
There’s always a g/j, c/z, or g/gu involved.
coger
torcer
seguir
to catch, grab
to twist
to follow
cojo
cogemos
coges cogéis
coge cogen
tuerzo
tuerces
tuerce
torcemos
torcéis
tuercen
sigo seguimos
sigues seguís
sigue siguen
All verbs that end in –ger, -gir will be conjugated like
coger. All that end in –cer or –cir and AREN’T
conjugated with a –zco in 1st person will be conjugated
like torcer.
Words aren’t “allowed” to begin with ie or ue.
So if necessary, you add an h- to the front of
the ue and change the i to a y.
oler (o  ue)
to smell
huelo olemos
hueles oleis
huele huelen
errar (e  ie)
to miss, get wrong
yerro
yerras
yerra
erramos
errais
yerran
A final but very important note: if there’s a
prefix on the word, it’s conjugated just the
same as the simple word:
proponer detener
disponer obtener
devolver conseguir
revolver perseguir
PRACTICE