Transcript PRETERITE - Central Magnet School

PRETERITE
To express actions initiated or completed in the past. When talking about the
beginning or end of an event(terminated action).
ar
yo = é
tú = aste
usted, él, ella = ó
nosotros/as
= amos
vosotros/as
= asteis
ustedes, él, ella = aron
er/ir
yo = í
tú = iste
usted, él, ella = ió
nosotros/as
= imos
vosotros/as
= isteis
ustedes , él, ella = ieron
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Accent mark in the yo and the usted, él, ella forms
The conjugation of ver does not have an accent mark : vi, vio …
Stem changing ar and er verbs do not change in the preterite (pensar and
volver)
pensar: pensé, pensaste, pensamos, pensasteis, pensaron
PRETERITE
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Verbs ending in car, gar, and zar have spelling change in the yo form.
car = qu
sacar:
saqué
gar = gu
llegar:
llegué
zar = c
empezar: empecé
• Verb dar uses the endings of er and ir verbs
• dar: di, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron
• Some time expressions that can use with the preterite to denote past time:
ayer; anteyer; anoche, anteanoche/antenoche; la semana pasada; el año
pasado; el mes pasado
• Preterite of er and ir verbs whose stem ends in a vowel:
are the same as those of regular er and ir verbs, except for the él, ella,
usted form and the ellos, ellas, ustedes form which end in yó and yeron.
leer: él, ella, usted (leyó) ellos, ellas, ustedes (leyeron)
• Other verbs: oir, caer, creer, construir
PRETERITE
Irregular preterite forms. All of them have an i in the stem and do not
stress the last syllable in the yo and él, ella, usted forms.
• hacer: hic hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron
• querer: quis quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron
• venir: vin vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron
Verbs decir, traer, and all verbs ending in ducir (traducir) have a j in the
stem. Decir also have an i in the stem.
• decir:
dij
dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron
• traer:
traj
traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajisteis, trajeron
• traducir: traduj traduje, tradujiste, tradujo, tradujimos, tradujisteis,
tradujeron
PRETERITE
• ir and ser: have identical forms in the preterite.
fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron
• Stem changing ir verbs e=ie and o=u
preferir: preferí ,preferiste, prefirió , preferimos, preferisteis, prefirieron
dormir: dormí, dormiste, durmió, dormimos, dormisteis, durmieron
• Preterite ending of stem changing ir verbs are the same as those used for
regular ir verbs.
• All ir verbs whose stem vowel e changes to ie or i in the present tense
change the same vowel to i in the él, ella, usted form and the ellos, ellas,
ustedes form.
• Other verbs which follow the preferir pattern are pedir, despedir, seguir,
and servir.
• Dormir and morir (to die) whose stem vowel o changes to ue in the
present tense, change the same vowel to u in the él, ella, usted form and
the ellos, ellas, ustedes form.
PRETERITE
• The following irregular verbs have a u in the preterite stem. The yo
and él, ella, usted forms do not stress the last syllable.
estar:
tener:
poder:
poner:
saber:
estuv estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvisteis,
estuvieron
tuv
tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron
pud pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron
pus
puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron
sup
supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron
IMPERFECT
• Talk about the middle or on-going part of an event or customary or habitual
actions in the past.
• Not perfected or completed in the past.
• Something that was happening; you used to do; say how old someone was;
tell what time it was.
• Explain what used to happen- (on going)
• Repeated action in the past:
Nosotros ibamos a la playa todos los dias.
• Express action that was in progress in the past:
En esos momentos Juan hablaba con su hermana.
• Imperfect of estar + present participle (ando/iendo) to emphasize on- going
activity:
En esos momentos Juan estaba hablando con su hermana.
IMPERFECT
• Describe characteristics and conditions in the past.
La casa era blanca, con techo rojo, y tenia dos dormitorios.
• Tell time in the past.
Era la una.
• Tell age in the past.
Ella tenia dieciocho anos.
• Apply both tense to talk about two overlapping events.
Preterite: for action that occurred.
Imperfect: for what was going on at the time.
Expressions used with imperfect:
mientras; a veces; siempre; generalmente; frecuentemente
IMPERFECT
ar
yo = aba
tú = abas
usted, él, ella = aba
nosotros/as
= abamos
vosotros/as
= ábais
ustedes, él, ella = aban
er/ir
yo = ía
tú = ías
usted, él, ella = ía
nosotros/as
= íamos
vosotros/as
= íais
ustedes , él, ella = ían
• Endings for er and ir verbs are the same and every verb form has an
accent mark over the í of the ending.
• Stem changing verbs do not change in the imperfect.
Ella no duerme bien ahora, pero antes dormía muy bien.
IMPERFECT
• Only three verbs are irregular in the imperfect.
ir: iba,ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban
ser: era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran
ver: veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían
• Imperfect form of hay is había (there was, there were, there used to be