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Unit 4 INDERJEET MANDER VIDHI PATEL NIVRITT KOHLI SALMAN MANZOOR Grammar Past participles: adjectives that can form verbs Ex. “to be closed” “closed” Drop ending and add -ado for –ar verbs -ido for –er and –ir verbs Ex. Cerrar cerrado Example sentence: “The office is closed.” “La oficina esta cerrada.” If reflexive, drop –se from infinitive Ex. “Peinarse” “peinando” Imperfect tense Events that aren’t completed Something was happening Something you used to do How old someone was Tell what time it was -ar verbs -aba -abamos -abas -abais -aba -aban -er and –ir verbs -ia -iamos -ias -iais -ia -ian Irregular Ser Era, eras, era, eramos, erais, eran Iba, ibas, iba, ibamos, ibais, iban Ir Ver Veia, veias, veia, veiamos, veiais, veian Preterite vs. Imperfect Preterite Imperfect Use when specific beginning and end time Use when not stating when action began/ended Both (in a sentence) Preterite: action that happened Imperfect: what happened at that time Ex. Cuando la guerra termino, Santa Ana era presidente de Mexico. Culture San Juan Parangaricutiro, Mexico Only the ruins of a church remain Volcano Paricutin destroyed the city In Nicaragua, there are footprints that are about 6000 years old that were preserved in the mud and volcanic ash (Las Huellas de Acahualinca). Alfredo Zalce Torres Painted the markets and people of Morelia, MX Painted lives of indigenous people from Michoacan Paintings are in the Governor’s Palace, called “Historia de Michoacan,” illustrates 500 years of the history El fuego y el tlacuache • Story about the origin of fire A stone in flames fell from a star An old woman took the flame into her home She used it to cook and stay warm but didn’t share An opossum said he could bring them the fire He went to the woman’s house and asked to sit by the fire to keep warm He lit his tail on fire and brought it out That’s why the opossum has a bald tail Vocabulary God Dio Army Ejercito Emperor Emperador Enemy Enemigo Warrior Guerrero Hero Heroe Heroine Heroina Young man Joven Princess Princesa Vocab Mountain Palace Volcano Montana Palacio Volcan Battle Batalla War Guerra Get Married Cascarse Tell a story Contar To carry Llevar To cry Llorar To die Morir Little more Fight Pelear Return Regresar Transform Transformar Legend Leyenda Message Mensaje Narration narracion Character Personaje Last Slide Aztec Azteca To be in love with Estar Enamorado Handsome Hermoso Heroic Heroico Historic Historico Beloved Jealousy Querido To be jealous Los celos Tener Celos Brave Valiente Once upon a time Habia una Ves Many centuries ago Hace muchos siglos About Sobre Lesson 2 Grammar Preterite of verbs that end in: -car, -gar, and –zar Spelled differently in yo form to maintain pronunciation; n C becomes qu: Yo busque G becomes gu: Yo pague Z becomes c: Yo empece Preterite Stems Venir, querer, decir, and traer are irregular in the preterite. Venir and querer take the same endings as estar, poder, saber, tenre, etc. Verb Stem Preterite Endings Preterite Endings Venir Vin- -e Imos Querer Quis- -iste -isteis -o -ieron Preterite Stems Preterite stems of decir and traer end in j Same preterite endings as Venir and Querer, just drop the I from ustedes/ellos/ellas ending Verb Stem Preterite Endings Preterite Endings Decir Dij- -e Imos Traer Traj- -iste -steis -o -eron Culture Indigenous words: -over 1 million mexicans speak nahuatl, the aztec language -"chocolate" "tomate" and "chile" have nahuatl origins -Quechua is a common indigenous language in south america from the Incas -"llama" "papa" and "pampa" are quechuan words -The volcano Ixtaccihuatl in MX is a nahuatl word that means "sleeping woman" -The volcano Guagua Pichincha has "guagua" which means "baby" in Quechan Ancient Sport -"el juego de pelota" (ball sport) is over 3000 years old -Olmecas, Toltecas, Mayans, Aztecs all played -players hit a rubber ball with their hips, arms, or a bat to get it in the ring Zapotecas and Otavalenos -Oaxaca is based on indigenous civilizations -Monte Alban was the ancient Toltec capital and there are ruins over 1,300 years old -La Guelaguetza is a ceremony and it means "gift" -In Ecuador, the ancient civilization was the Otavalenos, before the Incas -Culture still present in their products and goods -La fiesta del Yamor honors mother Earth Vocabulary Ancient Advanced Antiguo Avanzado Calendar Calendario Civilization Civilizacion Statue Estatua Tools Herramienta Monument Monumento Vocabulary Object Objeto Pyramid Piramide Religion Religion Ruins Ruinas Temple Templo Tomb Tumba More Vocabulary Agriculture Agricultura To Hunt Cazar To Build Construir Excavation Excavacion Farmer Agricultur Toltecs Toltecas Some More Vocabulary Sidewalk Acera Avenue Avenida Neighborhood Barrio Cathedral Catedral City Ciudad City Block Cuadra Building Edificio Modern Moderno Plaza Plaza Skyscraper Rascacielos Just a Little More… How do I get to.. Como llego a… To cross Cruzar To turn Doblar To the right A la derecha To the left A la izquierda To go straight Seguir Derecho From Desde Between Entre Last One I Swear Frente a… Across from Hasta To En la esquina On the corner Semaforo Traffic Light