Transcript Diapositiva 1 - Ms. Mullikin's Royals

Chapter 18
Adjectives and Adverbs
Attention Grabber
The pretty walked to the park.
What’s missing in the sentence?
A noun
Revise:
The pretty woman walked to the park.
What is role of “pretty” in the sentence?
ADJECTIVE
Main Points for Adjectives
1) It describes or modifies the noun or
pronoun.
2) Answers the following:
– What kind?
– Which one? (Also refers to time)
– How many?
– How much?
Exercise #1: Identify Adjectives; what they
modify; and what question(s) it answers
1. Small work boats were sailed extensively
for pleasure in early colonial times.
a) What is/are the adjectives?
• Small, work; early, colonial
b) What are the words each adjective
describes?
• Boats; times
c) What question(s) do adjectives answer?
• What kind? ; Which one?
Do adjectives always come before the
noun or pronoun?
1. Sick in bed, he was very bored.
•
Sick – comes before the pronoun.
2. The child, sick with fever, lay in bed.
•
Sick – comes after the noun.
3. She was sick for a week.
•
Sick – comes after the linking verb
Articles are adjectives too!
• “The” is a definite article.
– The noun it modifies refers to a specific
person, place, or thing.
– The catcher; The National Park; The wagon
• “A” and “an” are indefinite articles.
– The noun it modifies refer to any class of
people, places, or things.
– A group; a building; an easel
When to use “a” or “an”
• Easy! “A” is used before a consonant
sound; “an” is used before a vowel sound.
Examples on the board:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(a, an) honorable man
(a, an) charitable woman
(a, an) cute dog
(a, an) orange
(a, an) union
Let’s try more examples for articles:
1. (D) first passenger train cars were 15 feet
long and 17 feet wide.
1. The
2. They were built like (I) stagecoach with
railroad wheels.
1. a
3. Later, six wheels were placed on (D)
passenger cars.
1. the
Continued:
1. Today, there are (I) variety of passenger
cars.
1. a
2. (D) typical passenger car has (I) aisle
with seats on either side.
1. The; an
Nouns Used as Adjectives
• What two
questions will it
answer?
– What kind?
– Which one?
• Try the following
nouns:
– Snack
• Snack food
– Ring
• Ring finger
Exercise #1: Identify nouns used
as adjectives
1. For a fun vacation, some families plan
road trips to state monuments and
historic sites.
1. fun; road; state
2. See textbook page 384 to continue
exercise.
Proper and Compound
Adjectives
• Refresher:
– What is a proper noun?
• A specific person, place, or thing/idea. It’s always
capitalized.
– What is a compound noun?
• It’s made up of more than one word – hyphenated
or combined.
Exercise #2: Identify Proper and
Compound Adjectives
1. Late in 1577, Francis Drake left England
to attempt a three-year circumnavigation
of the globe.
1. Three-year
1. Compound adjective
2. After crossing the Atlantic Ocean, drake
sailed down the South American coast.
1. South American
1. Proper adjective
Pronouns Used as Adjectives
I. Key Points
1. It answers one question:
a. Which one?
2. Possessive pronouns are included as well.
a. my; your; his; her; its; our; their
Exercise #3: Identify pronoun(s) used as
adjectives with the word it modifies.
1. Have you asked a professional captain
for his advice?
1. his advice
2. A professional can help you chart your
course.
1. your course
3. My sister enjoyed her friends’ boat.
1. her friends’
Demonstrative, Interrogative, or Indefinite
Pronouns used as Adjectives
• Refresher:
– What are demonstrative pronouns?
• “points out”: this, that, these, those
– What are interrogative pronouns?
• “asks”: which, what, whose
– What are indefinite pronouns?
• Singular forms modify singular nouns; plural
forms modify plural nouns.
• Examples:
– Each boat; several sails; more rigging
Exercise #4: Identify pronouns used as adjectives,
and determine whether it’s demonstrative,
interrogative, or indefinite.
1. Each stateroom has a private
breakfast room.
1. Each
1. indefinite
2. Some cruise ships stop in the
Bahamas.
1. Some
1. indefinite
18.2 Adverbs (Read page 390)
• Refresher:
– Adjectives modify?
• Nouns/Pronouns
• If adjectives modify
nouns/pronouns,
what do adverbs
modify?
– Verbs
• Adverbs may
answer 4 questions:
–
–
–
–
Where?
When?
In what manner/way?
To what extent?
Exercise 20 (page 391)
Identify the adverb. What question does it answer?
Where? When? In what manner/way? To what
extent?
1) Ancient peoples often saw designs in the stars,
called constellations.
1) often; when
2) They carefully named the constellations after
various religious figures, animals, and objects.
1) carefully; in what way
3) Constellations are sometimes imagined to be
groupings of bright stars.
1) sometimes; when
4) Eighty-eight constellations are recognized today.
1) today; when
1) The names are derived in part from Greek
mythology.
1) in part; to what extent
2) Draco, the dragon, bravely defended the
goddess Hera’s apple tree.
1) bravely; in what way
3) Hercules subdued him quickly in a struggle
to get apples.
1) quickly; in what way
4) Hera placed Draco overhead in the stars to
remember him.
1) overhead; where
5) Draco is one of the constellations now.
1) now; when
Adverbs may modify other
adverbs and adjectives too!
• It answers only one question:
– To what extent?
• Example:
1) A glow just barely appears on the northern
horizon.
1) just modifies barely; just barely modifies appears
Exercise 21 (page 393)
Identify all adverbs. Indicate the word each adverb
modifies.
1) Lights move unexpectedly fast across the sky.
1) unexpectedly modifies fast; unexpectedly fast
modifies move
2) A glowing curtain of light forms more clearly.
1) More modifies clearly; more clearly modifies forms
3) It arches farther forward.
1) Farther modifies forward; farther forward modifies
arches
Sometimes, the word may be an adjective or adverb.
How would I know the difference?
• Easy tip:
– Adjectives modify nouns/pronouns.
– Adverbs modify adjectives, verbs, and other
adverbs.
• Examples:
– Vincent van Gogh painted Starry Night late in
his career.
• Late is an adverb because it modifies painted, a
verb.
– It was a very hard time in his life, and he was
not well.
• Hard is an adjective because it modifies time, a
noun.
Is the underlined word an adjective or
adverb?
1) Often when you look out your window at
night, you see the kindly face of the Man in
the Moon.
1) adjective
2) You will also see in the far reaches of the
sky the stars that form the many
constellations.
1) adjective
3) Some people think that the idea of
constellations is silly.
1) adjective
1) However, constellations serve well as
memory devices for identifying stars.
1) adverb
2) When you’re staring at 11,000 to 11,500
stars, you’ll have a hard time telling which is
which.
1) adjective
3) However, once you recognize the stars of
the constellation Orion the Hunter, for
example, you will find the stars of his
hunting dogs near him.
1) adverb
4) Ancient cultures saw pictures in the stars
late at night.
1) adverb
1) They looked high into the heavens and saw
the Lion, the Bull, the Fish, and the
Scorpion.
1) adverb
2) The Crane is a modern constellation found
deep in the southern sky.
1) adverb
3) Al Nair, a bright star on the Crane’s foot, is
spinning fast – at least 236 kilometers per
second!
1) adverb
4) Early efforts to catalog the stars date back
roughly 6,000 years.
1) adverb
1) Some constellations are seen low on the
horizon.
1) adverb
2) Other constellations are much higher.
1) adverb
3) Some are seen most clearly in late
summer.
1) adjective
4) Whether the constellations seem far or
near depends on the rotation of the Earth.
1) Both adjectives