Transcript La oracion – The sentence: FN FV Tobe

La oracion – The sentence:
FN
FV
Tobe
•Shakespeare is the
author of Hamlet.
Is Shakespeare the author of
Hamlet?
WHO is the author of Hamlet?
Shakespeare is not the
author of Hamlet.
Quotation
“The novel is the book of life”
(D.H.Lawrence)
• One Hundred Years of Solitude
and Love in times of Anger are
Garcia Marquez’s works.
• Are One Hundred Years of Solitude
and Love in times of Anger Garcia
Marquez’s works?
• Who was the author of
One Hundred years of
Solitude?
One Hundred Years of Solitude and
Love in Times of Anger are not
Ernesto Sabato’s works.
Question words
How
Which
How long
Where
How deep
When
How old
Why
Who
Whom
Whose
What
Examples
1- How long is the novel?
2- How deep is the story?
3- How old is Garcia Marquez?
4- Who is the author of De Pe a Pa?
5- Who was the last winner of the Nobel Prize
of Literature?
6- Whom does Bioy Casares dedicate his book?
7- Whose is Love in Times of Anger?
8- What’s the name of Cortazar’s most
famousnovel?
9- Which play do you prefer: Hamlet or Macbeth?
10- Where is Luisa Futoransky from?
11- When was Jorge Luis Borges born?
12- Why is Alejandra Pizarnik important for XX
century literature?
A whole sentence
• A great prolific decade in
the history of the English
novel is the short period
between 1850 and 1860
inclusive.
Pronouns and Adjectives
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
mine
yours
his
her
its
ours
yours
theirs
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
I am a teacher. My students are
in the classroom. These books
are mine. I myself bring my
books.
Nouns
things, objects, people,
ideas, feelings, etc.
Form
Simple:
play, poem
Derivative: student, immaturity,
memorization,examination
Compound: short
story, classroom,
lifespan, problem-solving
Formas de identificación del sustantivo
(Ways of identifying the noun in the sentence)
• Typical endings:
-ance: performance
-ence: existence, competence
-ity: diversity
-er: writer
-ist: artist, essayist, novelist
-or: translator
-ion: examination, memorization
-ness: usefulness
-ism:syncretism,mecanism,mannerism
-ship: partnership
-dom: freedom
-ing: problem-solving, processing
-ment: experiment, payment
Inflexion Plural
(Plural Inflection)
“s”
• poems, novels, plays, words
“es”
• dress- dresses,
• church-churches,
• process-processes
y - ies
• activity – activities
• story – stories
Irregulares
• man – men
• child – children
• person - people
Palabras plurales y singulares
de origen griego y latino:
•
•
•
•
•
analysis – analyses
basis – bases
curriculum – curricula
hypothesis – hypotheses
syllabus – syllabi
Dictionary Rules: Reglas del diccionario
Genitive Case
Cortazar’s novels are innovative.
The researches’ articles are
valuable.
Premodificadores del Sustantivo
(premodifiers of the noun)
Articles:
• the (el, la, los, las, lo);
• A, an (un, una)
Possessive adjectives
My, your, etc.
Demostrative adjectives
This
That
These
Those
This book is mine
That novel is Hopscotch by Cortazar
Quantity adjectives
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Many
Few
Little
Enough
Several
Any
Numerals like one, two, three, etc
Adjective phrases of quantity
o A lot of
o Plenty of
o A great deal of
o A great number of
o A large quantity of
Distributive adjectives
•
•
•
•
Each (cada)
Every (todas/os)
Either (una de dos)
Neither (ninguna de las dos)
Qualifying adjectives
• Famous writers
• Great novel
• Long book
• Contentious subject
• Important works
Present and past participle verbs:
Present
• Learning processes
• Affecting factors
• Changing location
Past
• Unrequited love
• Written novel
Nouns
• Maduration process
• Behaviour patterns
Postmodifiers
• Phrases with initial preposition
Compilation of essays
One Hundred Years of Solitude
A book by Borges
Phrases with present participle verb
• A book analyzing the history of our country
• A picture describing a book and its parts
Phrases with past participle verb
The method used
The book written in English
Phrases with initial infinitive
• Efforts to guarantee the teaching-learning
process
Relative Propositions
…Rayuela, which is a wonderful and innovative
novel
Simple Present
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
write
write
writes
write
I do not (don’t) write
You do not write
He doesn’t write
She doesn’t write
It doesn’t write
We do not write
You do not write
They do not write
I write in my free time.
I do not write in my free time.
Do you write in your free time?
What do you write in your free time?
Garcia Marquez writes novels.
Garcia Marquez does not write plays.
Does Garcia Marquez write novels
What does Garcia Marquez write?
Present Continuous
I am writing a short story
at the moment.
I am studying for my exam.
She is writing a novel.
• Are you studying for your
exam?
• Is she studying for her exam?
• I’m not writing a novel
• She is not studying at
the moment.
Present simple and Present Continuous
She writes novels
She is writing a novel now.
I read short stories
I am reading poems now.
We teach language
They are teaching now
Past Simple
Acciones que sucedieron en el pasado
sin conexión con el presente
Regular Verbs – Irregular Verbs
work – worked
prove – proved
replace – replaced
consist – consisted
use – used
develop – developed
find - found
know - knew
have - had
be – was, were
do - did
teach - taught
Past Simple of TOBE
Infinitive
Tobe
Simple Past
I was
You were
He was
She was
It was
We were
You were
They were
Edgar Allan Poe was born in 1809.
He was from the USA.
His life was not easy.
His real parents were from Boston.
• He was not a novelist.
• His parents were not from England.
o Was he a novelist?
o Was he a poet?
o Were his parents from England?
o Were they from Boston?
1- What was his profession?
2- Where was he from?
3- Where was he born?
4- Who were his parents?
5- Where were they from?
Past Simple – Regular and Irregular Verbs
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
lived
began
in Boston when I was a child.
my/his/her career three years ago.
• Poe began his career with a collection of
poems
• Poe did not begin his career with a
novel.
• Did Poe begin his career with a novel?
• What did Poe publish first?
• Poe attended the University of Virginia.
• Poe did not attend the University of
Harvard.
• Did Poe attend the University of
Virginia?
• What University did Poe attend?
• Find the past simple form and the
meaning of the following verbs, are they
regular or irregular? :
A- become
B- write
C- discover
D- study
E- marry
F- leave
G- feel
H- switch
I- spend
Past Continuous
I was talking with my friends when the teacher
arrived.
You were talking when I arrived.
Were you talking when I arrived?
What were you doing when the teacher arrived?
While I was paying attention, my classmate was
texting.
Be: am, is, are/going to
Future:
• intentions/plans
• predictions
I’m going to travel to Cordoba on my
holidays.
Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.
What are you going to do tonight?
I’m going to meet my friends.
Are you going to stay in Concepcion
after you graduate?
Yes, I am
No, I’m not.
She’s going to travel to Cordoba on my
holidays.
What is she going to do tonight?
She’s going to meet her friends.
Is he going to stay in Concepcion after
he graduates?
Yes, he is
No, he isn’t.
Present Continuous
Future: fixed plans
I’m having an exam tommorow..
I’m not having classes next Monday.
Are you going out tonight?
Yes, I am
No, I’m not.
What are you doing tonight?
I’m meeting my friends.
Will/Won’t
Future:
• Predictions without evidence
• Promises
• Instant decisions
I think I’ll pass my exam.
I don’t think it will rain tommorow.
Can I borrow $50? I’ll pay you back
next week.
Oh no. I forgot my friend’s
birthday! I’ll buy her a present
now!
•Present
Perfect
Past Experiences
• I have written several essays.
• I have never written a novel.
• I have been seen lots of plays.
• Have you ever been to a “literary cafe”?
Recent events
• I have just finished my book.
• I haven’t finished my book yet.
• Have you already finished your book?
Activities that started in the past and
continue in the present
• I have studied language for three years.
• I started language three years ago.
• I have studied language since I was 18.
• I started language when I was 18.
Modal Verbs
We should discuss the problem
We ought to discuss the problem
We can discuss the problem
We may discuss the problem
We could discuss the problem
We might discuss the problem
We must discuss the problem
Can – could (past form)
He could hear the heart beating.
Could he hear the heart beating?
What could he hear?
He couldn’t hear the heart beating.
Connectors
• For example
• And; Besides; Moreover
• Because, so, as a result, until
• But, although, However
• First, then, later, later on, finally;
In the beginning – In the middle – In the end
• Like, in the same way
• In order to, so as, so that
Present perfect
• I have started a new book.
• She has just finished her exam.
• Have you read “Rayuela”?
• Has she seen “The Secret in their Eyes”?
• I haven’t read that book.
• She hasn’t finished the novel.
Past Perfect
• Noah had rebuilt the old house when Allie
arrived.
• I had already read the book when I saw the
film based on it.
• Had you finished your exam when the teacher
asked for it?
• Poe hadn’t finished his short story when he
died.
Conditional Sentences: First Conditional
• I will study if I have time.
• She will buy the book if she has money.
• If I have time, I will study.
• If she has money she will buy the book.
• Will you study if you have time?
• Will she buy the book if she has money?
Conditional Sentences: Second Conditional
• If I lived in England, my English would be very
good.
• If the book wasn’t so long, I would read it.
• My English would improve if I travelled to
England.
• I would read the book if it wasn’t so long.
• Would you read the book if was short?
Conditional Sentences: Third Conditional
• If she had phoned his father before, he would
have helped her.
• His father would have helped her if she had
phoned him before.
• If she hadn’t travelled to Paris, she wouldn’t have
been taken.
• Would she have been taken if she had stayed at
home?