Transcript VERBS - Math software calculation and learning tool. This

VERBS
If you can do it, it is a VERB!
Kinds of Verbs
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Action
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Linking
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Helping
Physical or mental action
Describes a state of
being. It connects the
subject with a word in the
predicate that explains or
describes the subject (PN
or PA).
Helping verbs attach to
the main verb. It helps
the main verb express an
action (Helping verb +
action verb = verb
phrase)
Example Action Verbs
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Go
Swim
Eat
Follow
Drink
Listen
Fly
Believe
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Compare
Analyze
Interpret
Develop
Clean
Sit
Stand
Drive
Linking Verbs
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Be
Am
Is
Are
Was
Were
Being
Been
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Appear
Become
Feel
Grow
Look
Remain
Seem
Smell
Sound
Stay
Taste
Turn
Helping Verbs
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Be
Am
Is
Are
Was
Were
Have
Has
Had
Do
Does
Did
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May
Might
Must
Can
Could
Shall
Should
Will
Would
Being
Been
Objects of Verbs
Direct Object
 Indirect Object
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Direct Object
Direct Object – receives the action of the
verb
 Noun or pronoun
 Follows an action verb
 Answers the questions What? or Whom?
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If the action verb has a D.O., it is called a
transitive verb. If there is no D.O., it is
called an intransitive verb.
Example Direct Object
She studied math for homework.
 Subject = she
 Action verb = studied
 Direct object = math (It answers “What”
she studied.)
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Indirect Object
Indirect object – indirectly receives the
action of the verb
 Noun or pronoun
 Follows an action verb
 Comes before a direct object
 Answers the questions To What? For
What? To Whom? Or For Whom?
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Example Indirect Object
He bought Mandy a bouquet of flowers.
 Subject = he
 Action verb = bought
 Direct object = bouquet (it answers the
question “What” he bought)
 Indirect object = Mandy (It answers the
question “For Whom” he bought the
flowers.)
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Linking Verb and Predicate Words
Predicate Noun
 Predicate Adjective
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Predicate Noun
Noun or pronoun
 Follows a linking verb
 Renames or defines the subject (The
subject and PN can switch places and the
sentence will make sense.)
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Example PN
He is a teacher.
 Subject = he
 Linking verb = is
 PN = teacher (Teacher and he can switch
places and the sentence is still correct.)
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Predicate Adjective
Adjective
 Follows a linking verb
 Describes the subject
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Example PA
She is beautiful.
 Subject = she
 Linking verb = is
 PA = beautiful
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Principal Parts of Verbs
The principal parts of verbs are used to
create all tenses of verbs.
 Present
 Past
 Present Participle
 Past Participle
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Present
Indicates time in the present
 Base form of a verb
For example: start or wear
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Past
Verbs used to indicate something
happened at a previous point in time.
 Most verbs in the past tense add “ed” to
the end.
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For example: start becomes started
 Some verbs in the past tense are irregular.
They totally change spelling.
For example: wear becomes wore
Present Participle
The present participle is used to indicate
that something is currently happening.
 Form the present participle by adding “ing”
to the base form of the word and “be”,
“am”, or “is” in front of this new word.
For example: start becomes is starting
wear becomes is wearing
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Past Participle
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The past participle is used to indicate something
happened at an undefined period of time.
To form the past participle 1. Add “ed” to the end
of a regular verb or correctly create the past
participle tense of an irregular verb 2. Add “has”,
“have”, or “had” in front of the verb
For example: 1. start becomes has started
2. wear becomes has worn
Irregular Verbs
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Irregular verbs do not follow the normal pattern
of conjugation into each of the principal parts of
verbs
These verbs often change spelling to form the
past, present participle, and past participle
tenses. There are a few verbs that keep the
same spelling for all four principal parts.
The only way to know these verbs is to
memorize them.
Sample Common Irregular Verbs
(not a complete list of irregular verbs)
Present
Past
Present Participle
Past Participle
Begin
Began
Is beginning
Has begun
Blow
Blew
Is blowing
Has blown
Do
Did
Is doing
Has done
Drink
Drank
Is drinking
Has drunk
Go
Went
Is going
Has gone
Write
Wrote
Is writing
Has written
Break
Broke
Is breaking
Has broken
Become
Became
Is becoming
Has become
Bring
Brought
Is bringing
Has brought
Burst
Burst
Is bursting
Has burst
Swim
Swam
Is swimming
Has swum
Know
Knew
Is knowing
Has known
Simple Tenses
We use clocks and watches to tell time. We use
verbs the same way. The tense of the verb tells
time in the sentence.
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Present – action that happens now
Past – action that already happened
Future – action that will happen
Present Progressive – “be”, “am”, “is” or “are” plus a verb
ending with “ing” – means something is in progress
Past Progressive – “was” or “were” plus a verb ending
with “ing” – means something was in progress
Future Progressive – “will be” plus a verb ending with
“ing” – means something will be in progress
Present Tense
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Base form of the verb modified to agree
with the subject in number.
For example: We run to the store.
She runs to the store.
Past Tense
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Create the past tense by adding an “ed” to
the base verb, if it is a regular verb. If it is
an irregular verb, change the verb
accordingly.
For example: We create things. (present)
We created things. (past regular)
We drink water. (present)
We drank water. (past irregular)
Future Tense
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Form the future tense by adding “will” or
“shall” to the base form of the verb.
For example: They swim in the pool. (present)
They will swim in the pool. (future)
Present Progressive
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Shows that the action(s) is (are) in
progress
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You are learning English.
Past Progressive
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Shows the action(s) was (were) in
progress
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You were learning English.
Future Progressive
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Shows the actions(s) will be in progress
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You will be learning English.
Perfect Tenses
Present Perfect
 Past Perfect
 Future Perfect
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Present Perfect
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The present perfect tense is used to show something
that is existing or happening sometime before now. Key
word – during
Form the present perfect tense by 1. creating the correct
past participle of the verb and 2. add “have” or “has” in
front of it.
For example: I wear jeans. (present) [irregular verb]
I have worn jeans. (present perfect)
He looks nice. (present) [regular verb]
He has looked nice. (present perfect)
Past Perfect
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The past perfect tense is used to show something
existing or happening before a specific time in the past.
(It is a double past something happened before
something else happened) Key word - after
Form the past perfect by 1. creating the correct past
participle of the verb and 2. add “ had” in front of the
main verb
For example: She walked the trail. (past ) [regular verb]
She had walked the trail. (past perfect)
The compost became soil. (past) [irregular verb]
The compost had become soil. (past perfect)
Future Perfect
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The future perfect tense is used to represent something
existing or happening before a specific time in the future.
(It is a double future. Something happens before
something else happens.) Key word - before
To form the future perfect 1. form the past participle of
the verb 2. add “will have” or “shall have” in front of the
past participle.
For example: She has smiled today. (past participle) [regular verb]
She will have smiled today. (future perfect)
They have worn boots. (past participle) [irregular verb]
They will have worn boots. (future perfect)
Troublesome Verb Pairs
Sit and set
 Rise and raise
 Lie and lay
 Let and Leave
Know the proper definition of each word to
be able to spell and use it correctly.
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Sit and Set
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Sit – means “to be
seated” or “to rest”
(no object)
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Set – means “to place
or put something”
(usually takes a direct
object)
Present Past
Present
participle
Past
participle
Present Past
Present
participle
Past
participle
sit
is sitting
have sat
set
is setting
have set
sat
set
Example Sit and Set
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Please, sit in your chair. (present)
He sat in his seat, yesterday. (past)
He is sitting in his seat. (present participle)
He has sat there for an hour. (past participle)
Set your books on the desk. (present)
She set her book on the desk. (past)
She is setting her book on the desk. (present participle)
She has set her book on the desk. (past participle)
Rise and Raise
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Rise – means “to go
upward” or “to get
up.” (no object)
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Raise – means “to lift
something up”
(usually takes a direct
object)
Present Past
Present
participle
Past
participle
Present Past
Present
participle
Past
participle
rise
is rising
have risen
raise
is raising
have raised
rose
raised
Example Rise and Raise
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They always rise early on Sunday. (present)
They rose early on Sunday. (past)
They are rising early on Sunday. (present participle)
They have risen early on Sunday. (past participle)
They raise geese. (present)
They raised geese. (past)
They are raising geese. (present participle)
They have raised geese. (past participle)
Lie and Lay
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Lie – means “to
recline” or “to be in
place” (no object)
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Lay – means “to put
down” or “to place”
(usually takes a direct
object)
Present Past
Present
participle
Past
participle
Present Past
Present
participle
Past
participle
lie
is lying
have lain
lay
is laying
have laid
lay
laid
Example Lie and Lay
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Lie down and take a nap. (present)
He lay down and took a nap. (past)
He is lying down for a nap. (present participle)
He has lain down for a nap. (past participle)
Lay your clothes on the bed. (present)
She laid her clothes on the bed. (past)
She is laying her clothes on the bed. (present participle)
She has laid her clothes on the bed. (past participle)
Let and Leave
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Let – means “to allow”
or “to permit” (it can
have an object)
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Leave – means “to
depart” or “to allow
something to remain
where it is.” (it can
have an object)
Present
Past
Present
participle
Past
participle
Present
Past
Present
participle
Past
participle
let
let
is
letting
has let
leave
left
is
has left
leaving
Example Let and Leave
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Mom let me do the dishes. (present)
Yesterday, Mom let me do the dishes. (past)
Mom is letting me do the dishes tonight. (present
participle)
Mom has let me do the dishes all week. (past participle)
I leave for work at 5:30 A.M. (present)
I left for work at 5:30 A.M. (past)
I am leaving for work at 5:30 A.M. (present participle)
I have left for work at 5:30 A.M. (past participle)