Transcript The Perfect Passive - The GCH Languages Blog

The Perfect Passive
The old man accused the thief
This is a sentence with an active verb in the perfect tense.
How can you change it to make the verb passive?
The thief was accused by the old man
The thief has been accused by the old man
How would you translate both sentences in to Latin?
senex furem accusavit
fur a sene accusatus est
In the second sentence the verb is in the perfect passive tense
The Formation of the Perfect
Passive
The perfect passive is formed by two verbs:
1. The past participle of the verb: accusare > accusatus
2. The present tense of the verb esse (to be):
sum es est sumus estis sunt
The forms, therefore, are as follows:
singular
portatus sum
plural
portati sumus
portatus es
portatus est
portati estis
portati sunt
The Formation of the Perfect
Passive
Remember that the past participle behaves like and adjective
and agrees with the subject:
She was carried
He was carried
The slave girls were carried
The slaves were carried
portata est
portatus est
ancillae portatae sunt
servi portati sunt
The perfect passive can be translated in 2 ways in English:
She was carried
portata est
She has been carried
Translations
arcus ab Imperatore dedicatus est
The arch was dedicated by the emperor
multi nuntii ad urbem missi sunt
Many messengers were sent to the city
dux hostium a militibus captus est
The leader of the enemy was captured by the soldiers
cur ad villam non invitati estis?
Why have you not been invited to the house?
a Salvio deceptus sum
I was deceived by Salvius
No reward has been sent by the citizens
nullum praemium a civibus missum est
The Formation of the
Pluperfect Passive
The pluperfect passive is formed by two verbs:
1. The past participle of the verb: accusare > accusatus
2. The imperfect tense of esse:
eram eras erat eramus eratis erant
The forms, therefore, are as follows:
singular
portatus eram
plural
portati eramus
portatus eras
portatus erat
portati eratis
portati erant
Translations
Simon a matre servtus erat
Simon had been saved by his mother
custodes circum carcerem positi erant
The guards had been placed around the prison
diligenter laborare iussi eratis
You had been ordered to work diligently
a militibus Romanis superati eramus
We had been overcome by the Romans
I had been deceived by Salvius
a Salvio deceptus eram
No reward had been sent by the citizens
nullum praemium a civibus missum erat