Transcript Gerund as object of preposition

Gerunds/Participles/Colons
 A gerund is a verb form ending in –ing that is used as a
noun. Gerunds, like nouns, can be used as subjects,
predicate nominatives, direct objects, indirect objects,
and objects of prepositions.
 Gerund as subject: Walking is a good exercise for the
body.
 Gerund as predicate nominative: I take walking
seriously.
 Gerund as indirect object: I give walking a high priority
in my life.
 Gerund as object of preposition: I find in walking a
haven from stress.
 A gerund phrase contains a gerund and all of the words
related to the gerund. Gerunds may have modifiers
and complements.
 Gerund phrase: Living in a foreign country is an
enlightening experience. (The gerund phrase is the
subject of the verb is. The prepositional phrase in a
foreign country modifies the gerund Living.)
 Underline the gerund phrase in each sentence below. Then
identify its use in the sentence. Write S for the subject, PN
for predicate nominative, DO for direct object, IO for
indirect object, or OP for object of the preposition.
 1. One of the most exciting experiences my family ever had
was adopting my baby brother.
 2. Translating from Chinese to English is a rare and valuable
skill.
 3. The coach was praised for treating each of her players with
respect.
 4. Emilio taught Cajun cooking in an adult education class.
 A verbal is a form of a verb that is used as a noun, and
adjective, or an adverb. A verbal phrase consists of a
verbal and its modifiers and complements. One kind
of verbal is the participle. A participle is a verb form
that can be used as an adjective. All present participles
end in –ing, and most past participles end in –d or
–ed.
 Participial phrase: Shaking with cold, the swimmer
clambered out of the water. (Shaking with cold
modifies the noun swimmer)
 Do not confuse a participial phrase with a verb
phrase.
 Participial phrase: Marked with pawprints, the
manuscript arrived at the publisher’s office. (Marked
with pawprints modifies the noun manuscript.)
 Verb phrase: The kitten was marking the manuscript
with pawprints.
 Each of the following sentences contains a participial
phrase. Underline the phrase once and the noun or
pronoun it modifies twice.
 1. Clearing his throat, the tenor began his rehearsal.
 2. The cabin, stocked with food and blankets, was a welcome
sight to the hikers.
 3. Moving with grace and stealth, the Siamese cat was stalking
the mouse.
 4. Shared with the children of the village, the sandwiches
became a letter of introduction for the missionaries.
 5. Checking her hair in the dressing-room mirror, the actor
mouthed the opening words of her speech.
 Use a colon to mean “note what follows.” For example,
use a colon before a list of items, especially after such
expressions as as follows and the following.
 Examples of plays be Eugene O’Neill are as follows: The
Hairy Ape, Desire Under the Elms, and Long Day’s
Journey into Night.
 Do not use a colon before a list that serves as a direct
object or an object of a preposition.
 Direct object: We served fish, a salad, and yams.
 Object of preposition: I have lived in Peru, New York,
and Tyler, Texas.
 Use a colon between independent clauses when the
second clause explains or restates the idea of the first
clause.
 The weather was perfect for sailing: The sky was clear,
the wind was strong and constant, and the bright
sunlight kept us warm.
 Use a colon between the hour and the minute (2:30),
between chapter and verse of Biblical references
(Exodus 1:2), between a title and a subtitle (Charles
Drew: Surgeon and Teacher), and after the salutation of
a business letter (Dear Mr. DeSoto:).
 Insert colons where they are needed in the following
sentences. If a sentence is correct, write C.
 1. Hikers need the following sturdy boots, light clothing,
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and a waterproof jacket.
2. The text of the pastor’s sermon was Genesis 3 1-21.
3. The actor gave me advice Learn your lines, be on time,
and don’t get emotional.
4. My paper was entitled “The Rain Forest Harvest of
Shame.”
5. You should take the 3 32 train to Columbus, where
you’ll catch the 5 07 to Dayton.
 Two colons are missing, two colons that do appear should
be removed, and there is one spelling error.
 Dear Ms. Lipinski
Job openings at our store include: stockroom assistant,
salesclerk in the linens department, and secratery to the
appliance manager. If you are interested in applying for any of
these positions, please come to my office tomorrow at 9 30 for
an interview. I feel that you have the qualities we at Albright
Stores look for in our employees.

Yours Truly:

Roberto D. Vasco
 Transitions are words that show chronological, spatial,
comparison and contrast, cause and effect, and order
of importance relationships among ideas. Groups of
words that function in this way are called transitional
phrases.
 Chronological: At last I went to the artisans.
 Spatial: Outside the courtroom, people speculated about
the verdict.
 Comparison and contrast: …whereas I, who am probably
in danger…
 Cause and effect: Accordingly, I went to one…
 Order of importance: Above all, I shall…
 Identify the transitional word or phrase in each item
below. Then, indicate the kind of relationship it
reveals.
 1. They have done me no harm, although they did not
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mean to do me any good.
2. Then I went to another who had still higher
pretensions to wisdom.
3. After the politicians, I went to the poets.
4. Whereupon I made another enemy.
5. Still, I have a favor to ask them.