Transcript CAHSEE Practice - cloudfront.net

CAHSEE Practice
Parallel Structure
Passive/ Active Voice
Punctuating Dialogue
Comparative/ Superlative
Parallel Structure
When writing it is important you
pick a pattern and stick with it!
Sample Item
Directions: Choose the sentence that has no errors in
structure.
A. Eileen bought new shoes for the party, a gold charm for
A. Eileen bought new shoes for the party, a gold charm for
her mother, and to treat her best friend Maria to lunch.
her mother, and to treat her best friend Maria to lunch.
B. Eileen decided to buy new shoes for the party,
B. Eileen decided to buy new shoes for the party,
purchasing a gold charm for her mother, and treating her
purchasing a gold charm for her mother, and treating her
best friend Maria to lunch.
best friend Maria to lunch.
C. Eileen purchased new shoes for the party, a gold
C. Eileen purchased new shoes for the party, a gold charm
charm for her mother, and lunch for Maria, her best
for her mother, and lunch for Maria, her best friend.
friend.
Parallel Structure
When writing items in a series (list) or in pairs,
you must use the same (parallel grammatical
structure.
Parallelism looks like this:
Shane
,
, and
.
Shane
,
, and
.
Items in a Series
I like to skate at Banning Park, surf at Redondo Beach, and
when my girlfriend comes to visit. (Not Parallel)
I like to skate at Banning Park, surf at Redondo Beach, and
visit with my girlfriend. (Parallel)
Items in a Series
In the mountains I enjoy skiing down black runs, when I sled
with my cousins, and having snowball fights. (Not Parallel)
In the mountains I enjoy skiing down black runs, sledding
with my cousins, and having snowball fights. (Parallel)
Paired Items
• I think walking home is easier than to take the
bus. (Not parallel)
• I think walking home is easier than taking the
bus. (Parallel)
Paired Items
• I think he should either study regularly or quitting
his job is another possibility. (Not parallel)
• I think he should either study regularly or quit his
job. (Parallel)
Parallel Structure in Context
– After World War I ended, many people in the
United States had a hard time returning home and
to adjust/ adjusting to life. Many writers felt the
need to capture this struggle after knowing and
experiencing/ experience the hardships of World
War I firsthand. Some writers left the country and
traveled to Europe in order to write about how
World War I had affected the lives of American. It
was not only less expensive to live in Europe, but
it was also easier for a writer to make/ making a
living.
Identify the sentence that has no
errors in structure.
A. Barking dogs, kittens that were meowing, and
squawking parakeets greet the pet shop
visitors.
B. Barking
Barking dogs,
dogs,meowing
meowingkittens,
kittens,and
and
squawking parakeets
squawking
parakeetsgreet
greet
thethe
petpet
shop
shop
visitors.
visitors.
C. Dogs that bark, kittens that meow, and
parakeets squawking greet the pet shop
visitors.
Identify the sentence that has no errors
in structure.
A. During
During class,
class,Samuel
Samuelspent
spenthis
histime
time
flirting
flirting
with
with
Brittney, eating
Brittney,
eatingcandy,
candy,and
and
doodling
doodling
onon
thethe
assignment sheet.
assignment
sheet.
B. During class, Samuel spent his time flirting with
Brittney, he ate candy, and doodling on the
assignment sheet.
C. During class, Samuel spent his time to flirt with
Brittney, to eat candy, and doodling on the
assignment sheet.
Identify the sentence that has no errors
in structure.
A. Alex looked everywhere for his math book—under
the bed, on his desk, and he searched inside the
refrigerator.
B. Alex looked everywhere for his math book—
viewing under the bed, searching on his desk, and
inside the refrigerator.
C. Alex looked
looked everywhere
everywherefor
forhis
hismath
mathbook—under
book—
the bed,the
under
onbed,
his desk,
on his
and
desk,
inside
and
theinside
refrigerator.
the
refrigerator.
Identify the sentence that has no errors
in structure.
A. The
The manager
managerwanted
wantedstaff
staff
who
who
arrived
arrived
on on
time,
time,
smiled at
smiled
atthe
thecustomers,
customers,and
and
didn’t
didn’t
snack
snack
on on
the the
chicken nuggets.
chicken
nuggets.
B. The manager wanted staff who arrived on time,
would be smiling at the customers, and would not be
snacking on the chicken nuggets.
C. The manager wanted staff who arrived on time,
smiled at the customers, and no snacking on the
chicken nuggets.
Identify the sentence that has no errors
in structure.
A. After
After giving
giving Jeremy
Jeremyher
herphone
phone
number,
number,
Felicia
Felicia
hadhad
to to
tolerate his
tolerate
hislate
latenight
nightcalls,
calls,stupid
stupid
conversations,
conversations,
andand
requests for
requests
forher
hermath
mathhomework.
homework.
B. After giving Jeremy her phone number, Felicia had to
tolerate his late night calls, the fact that he carried on
stupid conversations, and requests for her math
homework.
C. After giving Jeremy her phone number, Felicia had to
tolerate being woken up late at night, having stupid
conversations, and he constantly requested her math
homework.
Fill in the blanks with the item that best
fits the sentence structure.
Pasta boiling in water, __________, and garlic bread
baking in the oven welcomed Francisco as he opened
the door.
A.
B.
C.
D.
simmered tomato sauce in the pan
tomato sauce
tomato
saucesimmering
simmeringininthe
the
pan
pan
tomato sauce that simmered in the pan
saucy tomatoes that were simmering in the pan
Fill in the blanks with the item that best
fits the sentence structure.
During our vacation in the Bahamas, we hope
__________, to enjoy beautiful sunsets, and to dance
ourselves dizzy at reggae clubs.
A.
B.
C.
D.
that we eat delicious seafood
that eating delicious seafood occurs
to eat
eat delicious
deliciousseafood
seafood
eating delicious seafood
Fill in the blanks with the item that best
fits the sentence structure.
Karen wished Ray chewed with his mouth closed, for
otherwise he was everything she wanted in a date; he
was tall, intelligent, and __________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
he looked good
being good looking
one handsome man to look at
handsome
handsome
Fill in the blanks with the item that best
fits the sentence structure.
To win Laurie’s love, Albert visited the florist for roses,
the drugstore for a box of chocolates, and __________.
A. bought an expensive gold necklace at the jewelry
store
B. the
the jeweler
jewelerfor
foran
anexpensive
expensivegold
goldnecklace
necklace
C. the jeweler where he bought an expensive gold
necklace
D. to buy an expensive gold necklace
Fill in the blanks with the item that best
fits the sentence structure.
Kimberly won’t date Terry because he is too short, too
noisy, and _________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
because he picks his teeth with his fingers
too impolite
impolite
is the most impolite man she has ever met
Picking his teeth with his fingers
Active vs. Passive Voice
• In active voice we can
clearly see the subject of
a sentence performing
the action.
The queen ate a jam sandwich
•In passive voice the
subject passively sits
while some action
happens to it!
The jam sandwich was eaten
by the queen.
Is this sentence active or passive?
Mark was eating an apple.
Who/what is the sentence about?
Mark
Is Mark doing the action, or is the action
happening to him?
Active
Is this sentence active or passive?
The picture was painted by Tom.
Who/what is the sentence about?
The Picture
Is the picture doing the action, or is the
action happening to it?
Passive
What is passive voice & how can I tell if
I’m using it???
Passive voice is usually longer, wordier and
way more boring!
Passive voices will usually include a verb in the form
of “be” and/or “auxiliary verbs”
A.K.A.
“be” verbs
Just Like in Life...
Being active is usually better!
Forms of the Verb to be
•
•
•
•
I am/ was
You are/ were
He or she are/ were
Have been
We are/ were
You are/ were
They are/ were
will have been
You can recognize passive sentences because the verb
phrase often includes: “by the…”
Active or Passive?
Simon Says!
Directions: We will look at a series of sentences.
• If it is active, jump up!
• If it’s passive stay seated.
• We will correct all passive voice sentences together.
Active or Passive?
Simon Says!
The crafts fair was put on by the
tenth graders.
Active or Passive?
Simon Says!
Paul eats beef tongue for dinner.
Yuck!
Active or Passive?
Simon Says!
At McDonalds, the Big Mac is
the most popular sandwich.
Active or Passive?
Simon Says!
His broken arm bone was
mended by the doctor.
Active or Passive?
Simon Says!
The lines formed by the waiting
customers can go on forever.
Active or Passive?
Simon Says!
She loves Jonny Depp.
Sample Questions
• Which revision of the following sentence uses only the
active voice?
• The new technique for dressing wounds that Clara
Barton found was something that she stumbled upon.
A. The technique that Clara was using was discovered by
accident.
B. Clara Barton invented a new way of dressing wounds.
C. Dressing wounds in a new way was Clara’s discovery.
D. With the new invention of dressing wounds, something
new was Clara’s claim to fame.
Sample Question
• Which is the BEST way to state the action in the sentence?
• The soothing rhythm of Clara’s work on the field was
broken only by the soldiers’ cries of pain.
A. On the field, Clara’s soothing rhythm of work was broken only
by the soldiers’ cries of pain.
B. Clara’s rhythm of work, which was soothing, was broken only
by the soldiers’ cries of pain.
C. Soothing on the field, Clara’s rhythm was broken only by the
soldiers’ cries of pain.
D. Only the soldiers’ cries of pain broke the soothing rhythm of
Clara’s work on the field.
Sample Question
• Choose the BEST way to write the following
sentence: At the last basketball game of the
season, awards were received by many
players.
A.
B.
C.
D.
many players received awards.
many players were given awards.
awards were given to many players.
Leave as is.
Sample Question
• One tradition in our family is that
Thanksgiving dinner is prepared by all of us
working together.
A. all of us working together are preparing
Thanksgiving dinner.
B. we all work together to prepare Thanksgiving
dinner.
C. by all of us working together, Thanksgiving
dinner is prepared.
D. Leave as is.
Punctuating Dialogue
Never make a mistake again
Quotation Marks
“Fred, I want you to take that new truck back
to the dealership,” Mary snarled, “right now!”
“No way will you get me to,” Fred paused,
“return that truck.”
Only the words spoken are
surrounded by quotation marks.
Keep commas and periods inside the
quotation marks
“ I do not know,” yelled Albert.
Albert yelled, “I do not know.”
Which one is correct?
• The teacher screamed, “Everyone needs to line up at
the door”.
• The teacher screamed, “Everyone needs to line up at
the door.”
An uninterrupted speech needs quotation
marks only at the beginning and the end.
“My mother was right. I never should have married you.
You only ever think of yourself and I’m always the one who
has to suffer.”
“Oh cry me a river.” ” I’m the one who came out on the
losing end of this marriage!” “Why didn’t you listen to your
mother?”
Which one is correct?
Quote inside of a quote
Use single quotation marks for quotes
within quotes.
He said, “Danea said, ‘Do not treat me that way.’”
Exclamations and Questions
After using an exclamation or questions in a quote,
you DO NOT need to capitalize the following words,
unless they are names or proper nouns.
• “Did you hear Mr. Marcoux?” asked Steve.
• “Watch out!” warned John.
• “No homework tonight!” Mrs. Myles announced.
Punctuating Dialogue Practice
Linda announced Nobody should miss that movie
Nobody should miss that movie Linda announced.
Nobody Linda announced should miss that movie
That movie is great Linda exclaimed Nobody
should miss it
Punctuate the Dialogue Practice
Does it end happily ever after asked Monique,
sitting up suddenly. Her eyes were wide open now.
You know said her father.
No, I don’t she protested.
She was a princess, wasn’t she he asked.
Of course.
Well, then he replied it just has to end happily.
Sample Question
• “I’ve never gone fishing before,” said
Calvin, “but I’ll try anything once.”
A. before,” said Calvin. “but I’ll try anything
once”.
B. before,” said Calvin, “But I’ll try anything once.”
C. before” said Calvin “but I’ll try anything once.”
D. Leave as is.
Practice Question
• “Alan and Lynn might be interested in
singing in the play,” suggested the drama
teacher “If they aren’t too busy with the
choir.”
A.
A.
B.
B.
C.
D.
teacher,
teacher, “if
teacher,
teacher, “If
teacher, if
Leave as is.
Sample Question
• “Which team is Mark on,” asked Luz?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mark on” asked Luz?
Mark on?” asked Luz?
Mark on?” asked Luz.
Correct as is.
Sample Question
• “I hope it doesn’t rain”, said Anna.
A.
B.
C.
D.
doesn’t rain,” said Anna.
doesn’t rain, said Anna.
doesn’t rain said Anna.
Correct as is.
Comparatives and Superlatives
Ugly.
Uglier!
Ugliest!?
Using Adjectives in Comparisons
Take notes while we move through the slides!
Using Adjectives in Comparisons
• Adjective questions on CAHSEE usually deal
with comparisons.
– Comparisons between exactly 2 things:
• Look for the word MORE before the adjective (more
talkative)
• Look for the letters “-er” at the end of the adjective
(healthier)
• Never use both (more healthier)
Comparisons
– Comparisons among more than 2 things:
• Look for the word MOST before the adjective (most
competitive).
• Look for the letters “-EST” at the end of the adjective
(prettiest).
• Never use both ( most prettiest).
Examples
• This cookie is browner than that one.
• This cookie is the brownest in the whole batch.
Examples
• Juan is more ugly than Carlos.
• Carlos is the ugliest guy in our class.
Examples
• Our teacher is the most intelligent person in
the whole school.
• Einstein is more intelligent than our teacher
(but not by much).
Sample Questions
• The teacher looked at the two students and
said, “Which one of you is the _____
keyboardist?”
A.
B.
C.
D.
most talented
talentedest
more talented
more talentedly
Practice Question
• Out of all the basketball players, Kevin is the
A.
B.
C.
D.
taller
more taller
most tallest
tallest
More Practice
• Janet likes to know that she is the _____ of all
her friends.
A.
B.
C.
D.
most prettiest
prettier
more pretty
prettiest
Practice
• Since the accident caused many injuries the
doctor told the nurses to only bring him the
_____ patients.
A.
B.
C.
D.
most critical
more critical
most criticalest
more criticaler