Transcript Phrases - TeacherWeb

• Prepositional
• Verbal
Participial
Gerund
Infinitive
•Appositive
A phrase is a group of
related words that is used
as a single part of speech
and does not contain a verb
and its subject.
Prepositional Phrases
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A prepositional phrase includes a
preposition, a noun or pronoun called the
object of the preposition, and any modifiers
of that object.
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Prepositional phrases can either function as
adjectives or adverbs.
Identify the following prepositional phrases.
Are they adjective or adverb?
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Brian’s Song is an inspiring story about
friendship and courage.
During the Civil War, Louisa Mae Alcott
worked in a hospital as a nurse for six weeks.
Louisa Mae Alcott wrote Little Women, a
novel rich in New England tradition.
Sarah Kemble Knight kept a journal of her
trip to New York.
Verbal Phrases
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A verbal is a form of a verb used as a noun,
adjective or adverb.
The three kinds of verbals are participles,
gerunds and infinitives.
When used with other modifiers and
prepositional phrases, these verbals are
called verbal phrases.
The Participle
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A participle is a verb used as an adjective.
There are two kinds of participles: present
and past. Present participles end in ing and
past participles end in ed, or d (unless the
past tense is irregular).
Examples: singing lessons, smiling
teacher, baked chicken, frightened boy
Identify the participial phrases
in the following sentences.
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Nodding his head, the defendant admitted
his guilt.
I love to see roses bursting into bloom in the
spring.
Known as Johnny Appleseed, John
Chapman distributed apple seeds and
saplings to families heading West.
If a participial phrase is not used near the
noun it modifies, it can cause confusion.
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The defendant admitted his guilt, nodding his
head.
Bursting into bloom in the spring, I love to
see the roses.
Heading West, John Chapman distributed
apple seeds and saplings to families, known
as Johnny Appleseed.
Gerunds
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A gerund is a verb that is used as a noun.
It ends in ing.
Examples:
Swimming is excellent exercise.
Janetta’s hobby is knitting.
In cooking, use salt sparingly.
He gave studying all his attention.
Identify the following gerund phrases.
How do they function?
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Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein after having
a nightmare about a scientist and his strange
experiments.
My brother likes working at the travel agency.
An excellent way to build your vocabulary is
reading good literature.
Walter Mitty daydreamed of being a
courageous pilot.
Infinitives
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An infinitive is a verb used as a noun,
adjective or adverb.
An infinitive is “to” plus a verb.
Examples:
To fly was an ambition of humans. (noun)
His attempt to fly was a failure. (adjective)
Rip Van Winkle went to the woods with his
dog to hunt. (adverb)
Identify the following infinitive
phrases. How do they function?
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To finish early is our plan.
Julia wants to go to the beach with us on
Saturday.
Napoleon’s plan to conquer Europe failed.
Chico was unable to play in the football
game.
Appositives
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An appositive is a noun or a pronoun placed
beside another noun or pronoun to identify or
explain it.
Appositives can either be essential (no
commas) or non-essential (commas needed
around both sides of noun/pronoun).
Examples of appositives
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We went to the Navajo Gallery in Taos, New
Mexico to see R.C. Gorman’s painting
Freeform Lady. (essential, no commas)
Namingha, a Tewa-Hopi artist, often paints
abstract images of Hopi pueblos. (nonessential, commas needed)
Identify the following appositive
phrases.
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The Kenai Peninsula is the home of the
Alaska moose, the largest moose in the
world.
We visited Boston Harbor, the site of the
Boston Tea Party.
A nineteenth-century female author Marian
Evans had to publish her book Middlemarch
under a male pseudonym, George Eliot.
Putting it all together. Identify the type
of italicized phrases in each sentence.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Working on the school newspaper has taught me
responsibility.
Delayed by the snowstorm, the flight from
Chicago to Seattle was finally cleared for takeoff.
Today’s crossword puzzle is difficult to complete
correctly.
If you want to go to the concert tonight, give me
a call after school.
At the beginning of class today, we sang “La
Marseiilaise,” the French national anthem.
Continued…
6.
7.
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10.
Preserving rare and valuable books and documents
is one of the challenges facing the Library of
Congress.
The emu, a flightless bird from Australia, is
similar to the ostrich.
Franklin’s history report was on Booker T.
Washington, founder of Tuskegee Institute.
Refreshed by the cool breeze, I didn’t object to
going back to work.
The United States, a true, “melting pot,” has been
greatly enriched by many diverse cultures.