Transcript Complements
Direct Object, Indirect Object, Subject Complements Is a word or groups of words that completes the meaning of a subject and verb Sometimes a subject and a verb alone can express a complete thought. Example: Birds fly. It can stand alone because it is a complete thought However in other sentences the thought has to be completed by adding other words Example: Toni bought What? The eyewitness told What? Richard feels How? All contain a subject and a verb but not a complete thought A complement is needed to make the words a complete sentence Complements are usually nouns, pronouns, or adjectives which are located close to the verb Examples: (subject underlined once, the verb is italicized, and the complement is bolded in black. Toni bought cars. The eyewitness told us the story. Richard feels sad. Direct Objects are complements used after action verbs It is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a transitive verb Find the direct object by asking the question “Whom” or “What” after an action verb Examples: The message reached the lawyer. Reached whom? Lawyer Direct objects like subjects and verbs can be compound Mother invited Uncle Bill and Aunt Clara Invited whom? Uncle Bill, Aunt Clara 1. In the fourteenth century, Martini, an Italian painter, designed a human propelled carriage on four wheels. 2. However, the Greeks used wheels and carts as far back as the eighth century B.C. 3. Henry Ford introduced his first automobile as the “Quadricycle.” 4. The name automobile gained acceptance in 1897. Answers on the next slide 1. carriage 2. wheels, carts 3. automobile 4. aceptance Not all Action verbs have direct objects Be careful not to confuse a direct object with a n adverb or an object of the preposition A direct object is never an adverb or the noun or pronoun at the end of a prepositional phrase 1. Joanne drove her car. 2. Joanne drove quickly. 3. Joanne drove through the town. If you chose the sentence Joanne drove her car, you would be correct. Joanne drove quickly.-quickly is an adverb Joanne drove through town. Through town is a prepositional phrase with town being the object of the preposition. Identify the parts of speech: Joanne drove her car quickly through town. Try some: Find the direct object, prepositional phrases, or adverbs and label. 1. A British inventor built a steam automobile in 1801. 2. This automobile moved rather quickly at twelve miles per hour. 3. People complained immediately about the automobiles’ noise. 4. The speed limit restricted drivers to four miles per hour. 5. Many countries developed automobiles during this time. Answers on the next page. 1. automobile-Direct Object in 1801-prepositional phrase 2. quickly-adverb at twelve miles per hour-Prep Phrase 3. immediately-adverb about the automobiles’ noise- Prep Phrase 4. drivers- Direct Object to four miles per hour- Prep Phrase 5. automobiles- Direct Object during this time- Prep Phrase In normal word order, the direct object is located after the verb. In questions, which are in inverted order, the direct object may not come after the verb. A direct object in a question is sometimes located near the beginning of the sentence, before the verb Look at the examples on the next page. Whom did you ask for help? You did ask whom for help? What does he want from us? He does want what from us? Which car does he want from the dealership? He does want which car from the dealership? 1. Which articles did she read about this experimental vehicle? 2. What disadvantages did the electric automobile have? 3. What does he know about the size and reliability of its batteries? 4. Whom did you see in the automobile museum? Answers on the next page 1. articles 2. disadvantages 3. What 4. Whom Indirect object- another kind of complement A sentence cannot have an indirect object unless it has a direct object Indirect Object- is a noun or pronoun that comes after an action verb and before a direct object An indirect object answers the questions To or Who for? 1. I told them the story. Told to whom? Them Keep in mind the pattern Subject + verb+ indirect object + direct object An indirect object will almost always come between the verb and the direct object Like a subject, verb, or direct object, an indirect object can be compound Dave gave each car and truck a new color. 1. In 1912, twenty companies offered customers electric cars. 2. The internal-combustion engine gave the electric cars new competition. 3. Engineers have given automobile makers plans for internal combustion automobiles. 4. Owners showed neighbors and friends their automobile. 5. However, the automobile often taught the drivers and passengers humility. Answers on the next page 1. customers 2. cars 3. makers 4. neighbors, friends 5. driver, passengers Do Not confuse an indirect object with an object of the preposition AN INDIRECT OBJECT NEVER FOLLOWS “TO OR FOR” in a sentence Compare the following sentences: Father bought him a car. Father bought a car for him. (for him- Prep. Phrase) 1. The automobile brought danger for drivers. 2. Accidents caused town officials great concern. 3. Towns quickly et low speed limits for motorists. 4. They soon gave speeders fines. 5. All motorists have a responsibility to their passengers and other drivers. 1. drivers-obj of the prep 2. officials-indirect obj 3. motorists- obj of the prep 4. speeders- indirect obj 5. passengers, drivers- obj of the prep Subject complementis a noun, pronoun, or adjective that follows a linking verb and tells something about the subject Follows a linking verb and renames or identifies the subject of the sentence Examples: Ronnie will be the captain of our team. (the predicate noun captain renames the subject Ronnie) Ford’s first car was the Model A.(the predicate noun Model A renames the subject car) The two winners are they. (The predicate pronoun thy renames the subject winners) 1. Europe was the home of some early automobiles. 2. Americans quickly became fans of the automobile. 3. Hartford and Cleveland were the cities in which the American auto industry began. 4. Many car models were poor designs. 5. Henry Ford was the man who had financial backing for his invention. 1. home 2. fans 3. cities 4. Designs 5. man A predicate adjective follows a linking verb and describes the subject of a sentence It is considered part of a complete predicate of a sentence because it comes after a linking verb. In spite of this a predicate adjective does not modify the words in the predicate . Instead it describes the noun or pronoun that stands for the subject of the sentence. 1. The flight to Houston was swift. (The predicate adjective swift describes flight) 2. The saleswoman seems very sensitive to the needs of her customers. (The predicate adjective sensitive describes the subject saleswoman) 1. The assembly line was extremely efficient, constructing one car in ninety-three minutes. 2. However, the assembly line work was unpleasant. 3. Workers grew tired of the daily monotony and pressure of production quotas. 4. A monthly laborer turnover of 40 to 60 percent was inescapable. 5. Ford’s plan for doubling the daily wage was smart. 1. efficient 2. unpleasant 3. tired 4. inescapable 5. smart Subject complements can be compound It consists of two or more predicate nouns, predicate pronouns, or predicate adjectives My two best friends are Phil and Mark. The highway seems slick and icy. 1. The Museum of Automobile History in Syracuse, New York, is exciting and interesting to people of all ages. 2. Information on thousands of cars is available and accessible to all visitors. 3. The display of collector’s items is sleek and huge. 4. The museum has become a historic sight and a showroom for classic cars. 1. exciting, interesting /predicate adjectives 2. available, accessible/predicate adjectives 3. sleek, huge/predicate adjectives 4. site, showroom/ predicate nouns 5. attraction, site/ predicate nouns