Transcript The Gods and Goddesses of Greek Mythology

The gods and goddesses
of Greek Mythology
Where did Greek Mythology begin?
GREECE
Long, long ago in ancient Greece, people told
stories that explained the mysteries of life…
So What is Greek Mythology?
• Mythology is a collection off myths, or anonymous,
traditional stories that explain our beliefs and customs,
the wonders of nature, and our own history.
• Myths usually deal with major issues such as the origin
of humanity and the mysteries of life
• Remember that every culture has its own myths, i.e.
American Indians, Mayans, Buddhists, Hindus, Africans,
etc…
The Greek mythology of today was
the religion of yesterday
• Long ago, the Greeks and Romans believed
in the stories we now call myths.
• The gods and goddesses ruled the Greek
world and were believed to be directly
responsible for the success or failure of
human life.
• So the Greeks worshipped their
gods and regularly prayed,
gave offerings and built
temples to please the gods.
Three Important Words that
Describe the Greeks
• Anthropomorphism : means to give
human form or qualities to beings or things
not human, especially to gods
• Polytheism : means the belief in many
Gods
• Oral Traditions : to pass down from
generation to generation by word off mouth
The Unique Greeks
• The Greeks were
distinctly different from
all previous civilizations
because they were the
first to create gods in
their own image
The Egyptian Sphinx was
certainly not a very
human-like god
The Immortal gods were also easier
to relate to than previous gods
• Unlike religious Gods
today, the Greek gods
looked and acted human
• They married, loved and
quarreled; they had love affairs
(and children) with both
gods and mortals; they also loved games,
challenges and trickery
• But the gods were immortal
and would never die because ichor,
not blood, ran in
their veins
Mount Olympus
• The gods and goddesses lived at the top of
Mt. Olympus in Greece behind a gate of
clouds.
• There they ate only ambrosia and drank only
nectar.
• They also kept an eye on the mortals down on
earth, whom they could visit at any time.
Chaos
• To understand the most famous Greek gods, it’s
important to know where they came from… Their
story begins at the beginning of time.
• At first there was only darkness, or Chaos..
the formless or void state preceding the creation of the universe
or cosmos in the Greek creation myths, more specifically the
initial "gap" created by the original separation of heaven and
earth.
Then Gaea, the Earth, grew out of
Chaos
• Gaea gave birth to Uranus, the sky.
• When rain fell on Gaea, plants, animals and
rivers were created.
• Gaea became Mother Earth, mother of all
living things and mother of the first gods.
The Titans
• Gaea and Oranos gave birth to 12 Titans, all
powerful giants – 6 boys and 6 girls.
Atlas is the son of one of the Titans
Gaea gave birth to more children…
• Three huge one-eyed giants called Cyclopes
And three Hecatoncheires –
each off these monsters had
50 heads and 100 arms.
Oranos hated these ugly children and
threw them away into the Underworld
• This greatly
angered Gaea
and she
convinced
Cronus, one of
the Titans, to
overthrow
Oranos.
Cronus succeeded in overthrowing Oranos
and became the new Lord of the Universe
• But Cronus worried that one of his sons
would overthrow him just as he had
overthrown his own father… so he
swallowed each child as it was born.
This made Cronus’ wife, Rhea, very
angry
• Finally, she hid the youngest
child, Zeus, and tricked Cronus with a rock
wrapped in a blanket.
When Zeus grew up…
• He overthrew Cronus by causing him to throw up his
brothers and sisters (who had been living in the stomach
of Cronus) These siblings were now fully grown.
• Zeus also freed the imprisoned Hecatonchires and
Cycopes who were in the underword. They were more
than willing to help in the battle.
• Two Titans – Prometheus and Epimetheus – also
switched sides and helped the Olympians
The war between the old gods and the new gods
lasted 10 years – but finally Cronus and the Titans
were defeated.
• When Mother Earth was finally peaceful, the rule of
the Universe was divided between the 3 brothers:
Zeus became the
King of Gods & God
of Heaven and Earth
Poseidon
became the
god of the sea
Hades became
the god of the
underworld
The Great Olympians
• The Cyclops built a palace on Mt. Olympus for
Zeus with 12 thrones: one for each of Zeus’
brothers, sisters, his children and Aphrodite, the
Goddess of Love.
• The 12 great Olympians ruled from the top of Mt.
Olympus forever after.
In the Odyssey we will encounter the
following Gods and Goddesses:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Aphrodite
Apollo
Ares
Artemis
Athena
Demeter
Hades
Helios
Hephaestus
Hera
Hermes
Persephone
Poseidon
Zeus
We will more closely
examine the family
tree of the Greek gods
and goddesses 