Transcript Ancient Greecex

Warm Up
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 List any Greek contributions or anything you already
know about Ancient Greece.
Geography
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 Small overall area compared to other early
civilizations
 Important natural barriers
 Mountains-isolation
 Seas-key to trading
 The location and barriers allowed Greeks to practice
their own ways of life without very much outside
influence
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Minoan Civilization
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 Formed on the island of Crete
 Crete was the first to develop Bronze in Greece
 Minoans were not Greek, but part of the Greek
empire
 Greatly influenced Greek culture
 Knossos
 Most important place in Minoan civilization
 Center of Trade
 Suddenly the civilization collapsed
 Most likely due to invasion from Mycenaean's
Mycenaean Civilization
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 Mainland Greeks from Mycenae
 Developed the first Greek government
 Monarchy
 Formed small independent states
 Loose alliance with each other
 Extensive trade network
 Conquered most of the islands surrounding Greece
 Supreme military power
 Led the Trojan War against the city of Troy
Trojan War
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 Fought between Mycenae and Troy
 King Agamemnon was the leader of the Mycenaean forces
 Achilles
 One of the greatest heroes of Greek mythology and one of the
greatest fighters
 Helen of Troy
 Once the wife of King Menelaus, but loved the prince of Troy
 Paris
 Prince of Troy who took Helen away from Menelaus
 The Trojan Horse
 Greatest wartime trick to ever take place
Great Stories and Myths
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 Homer
 Greek poet and epic storyteller
 Epic: a long poem involving gods and heroes
 Iliad and the Odyssey
 Greatest stories ever told by Homer about mythology
and great heroes performing extraordinary tasks
 Odysseus
 Traveler and great seafarer; Traveled through the
Aegean on his quest home encountering many legends
and monsters in Greek myth.
Vocabulary
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 Define the following terms using the textbook (pgs.
123-139). Write in your notebooks
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Aegean Sea
Black Sea
Bronze Age
Crete
Minoan
Mycenaean
Homer
Ionia
Epic Poem
Arête
Polis
Acropolis
Agora
Hoplite
Phalanx
Tyrant
Democracy
Oligarchy
Helot
Ephor
Characteristics of Greek
Civilization
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Intensive agricultural techniques
Specialization of labor
Cities
A social hierarchy
Organized religion and education
Development of complex forms of economic exchange
Development of new technologies
Advanced development of the arts. (This can include
writing.)
Specialization
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 Greek wealth, especially in Athens, allowed for
much specialization in cultural areas
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Architecture
Art and Theater
Literature
Philosophy
Athletes
Shipping
Silver mining and silversmiths
Art and Theater
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 Central character (the tragic hero) suffers some
serious misfortune that is logically connected with
the hero’s actions (the tragic flaw)
 Most popular Greek playwrights:
 Aeschylus-focused on the role of individual actors
 Sophocles-Known for his treatment of the individual
and addressing complex issues
 Euripides-Bold and disrespectful
Agriculture
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 Good climate, but bad terrain (very mountainous)
 –Hilly ground: grapes
 –Rocky soil: olives
 –Good soil: corn and wheat
 Sea was EXTREMELY important
 –Homer describes various fishing methods using
hooks, nets, and harpoons in both the Iliad and the
Odyssey
Economic Exchange
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 Greek colonization did not produce a centralized
imperial state, but it did sponsor more
communication, interaction, and exchange than
ever before among people of the Mediterranean
 Greek language and cultural traditions spread
throughout the Mediterranean basin
 The polis was the most important element in
economic exchange
Economic Exchange
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 City-states were usually built on two levels
 –On the hilltop was the acropolis and below was the
living and business area
 The market area was called the agora where trade
took place
 Trade included :
 Ivory and gems, Elephants, Silk, Wool, Purple dye,
and Grain were the main items traded
New Technologies
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 Archimedes
 Greek mathematician and engineer
 Discovered the principle of the lever and the
importance of the fulcrum
 “Give me a lever and I can move the world”
New Technologies
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 Hippocrates
 “Father of Medicine”
 Based his medical practice on observations and on
the study of the human body
 Believed that illness had a physical and a rational
explanation
Religion
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 They constructed myths that related the stories of
the gods, their relations with one another, and their
roles in bringing the world into its present state
 Zeus’s court included many deities who had various
responsibilities
Religion
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 Zeus-King of the Gods; God of Thunder; Symbol:
Eagle
 Poseidon-Brother of Zeus and Hades; God of the Sea;
Symbol: Trident
 Hades-Brother of Zeus and Poseidon; God of the
Underworld; Symbol: Helm/Helmet
 Athena-Goddess of Wisdom and Strategy; Symbol:
Owl
 Ares-God of War; Symbol: Spear
Religion
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 Aphrodite-Goddess of Beauty; Symbol: Seashell and
Dove
 Apollo-Twin of Artemis; God of Music and
Prophecy; Symbol: Lyre
 Artemis-Twin of Apollo; Goddess of the Hunt;
Symbol: Bow and Arrow
 Demeter-Goddess of Agriculture; Symbol: Wheat
 Dionysus-God of Wine and Joy; Symbol: Flute and
Wine Barrels
Religion
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 Hephaestus-God of Fire; Symbol: Fire or Hammer
 Hera-Wife of Zeus; Goddess of Marriage; Symbol:
Tiara or Scepter
 Hermes-Messenger of the Gods; Symbol: Caduceus
or Winged Sandals
 Hestia-Goddess of the Hearth (Home); Symbol:
Fireplace
Cities: The Polis
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 The city-state or polis was originally a fortified site
that provided refuge in war or other emergencies
 They developed independently of each other
 –Different traditions, economies, political systems,
etc.
 Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Thebes are examples
Architecture
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 The architecture of ancient Greece is the basis for
virtually all Western architectural developments
 3 Orders of design in Greek architecture:
 Doric-Parthenon
 Ionic-Statue of Zeus at Olympia
 Corinthian-Very fancy and was used much later in
Greece
 Parthenon
Architecture
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 One of the greatest structures built in Ancient Greece
 Constructed atop the Acropolis in Athens as a Temple for
Athena
 Temple of Zeus
 One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
 Columns
 Greece was most famous for the columns they constructed
 Greek columns are still used in buildings all over the
world today!
 All Ancient Greece architecture served as a symbol of
order and harmony for the Greeks
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8 Pillars of Greek
Wisdom
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 Humanism-Be proud of your human abilities and
believe in your capacity to achieve great things
 The Pursuit of Excellence-Try to be more today than
you were yesterday; more tomorrow than you were
today
 The Practice of Moderation-Beware of going to
extremes, because in them lies danger
 Self-Knowledge-Identify and understand your
weaknesses and strengths
8 Pillars of Greek
Wisdom
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 Rationalism-Search for the truth by using the power
of your mind
 Restless Curiosity-Seek to know what things really
are, not merely what they seem to be
 The Love of Freedom-Only if we are free can we find
fulfillment
 Individualism-Take pride in who you are as a
unique individual
Activity Directions
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 Your group is responsible for the remaining 7 documents. Using the
numbered cards that were placed at your table:
 Person number 1: Read the quote to the group
 Person number 2: Lead a discussion about the quote with everyone
else contributing their thoughts.
 Person number 3: Read the paragraph about the Greek pillar of
wisdom to the group
 Person number 4: Lead a discussion of the questions regarding the
paragraph with all other group members contributing their thoughts.
 After the reading and discussion each group member needs to fillout the It Says, I Say, And So… graphic organizer.
 After the first pillar is completed repeat with the other documents,
rotating the assignment of the group members with each document.