Transcript File - MRS. DAY

Edith Hamilton’s Mythology
The Twelve Olympians
The Twelve Olympians
Greek/Roman Names
Zeus/Jupiter
Poseidon/Neptune
Hera/Juno
Hades/Dis
Hestia/Vesta
Ares/Mars
Athena/Minerva
Hermes/Mercury
Apollo/Phoebus Apollo
Artemis/Diana
Hephaestus/Vulcan
Aphrodite/Venus
Zeus/Jupiter
God of Gods
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Eagle, thunderbolts
Son of Cronus and Rhea; brother of Hades+Poseidon
Wrathful, lustful, not “all-knowing”
Married to Hera, ungodly marital behavior
Many children mostly out of wedlock
Poseidon/Neptune
God of the Sea
• Trident
• Brother of
Zeus+Hades
• Powerful, secretive
• Son of Cronus &
Rhea
• Vengeful, usually
argumentative with
other gods
Hades/Dis
God of the Underworld
• dark bearded, crown,
scepter, key, helmet
of invisibility, chariot
• Rarely worshipped
• Son of Cronus &
Rhea; brother of
Zeus+Poseidon (drew
the short straw)
• Cerberus
Hera/Juno
Goddess of Marriage
Protector of Married Women
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Peacock, cow, pomegranate
Powerful, bold, jealous
Daughter of Cronus & Rhea
Wife and sister of Zeus
Avenged infidelity often
Hestia/Vesta
Goddess of Home and Hearth
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Hearth fire
Good-natured, loving
Does not appear in myths at all…symbolic herself
Daughter of Cronus & Rhea
Seven Vestal Virgins oversee her fire
Ares/Mars
God of War
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Spear, vulture, dog
Boastful, loud, cruel
Son of Zeus and Hera
Terrorized mortals
•4 horses: Terror,
Fire, Flame, Trouble
•Relatives:
Deimos(fear),
Phobos(terror),
Eris(discord)
Athena/Minerva
Goddess of the City, Wisdom, Handicrafts,
War & Agriculture
• Owl, olive
• Wise, even-tempered,
fierce in battle
• Daughter of Zeus &
Metis
• Sprung from Zeus’
skull fully armed
Hermes/Mercury
God of Travelers, Thieves & Shepherds
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Winged sandals and hat, caduceus
Witty, happy, clever, friendly, helpful
Son of Zeus & Maia
Chief messenger, not the most honest god
Apollo
God of Light & Purity
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Mouse, sun dial, lyre
Cheerful, sometimes jealous
Son of Zeus and Leto
Perpetually young, handsome, wise
Teaches moderation
Artemis/Diana
Goddess of the Hunt & Moon
• Cypress tree, wild
animals, deer
• Aloof, majestic,
nature-loving, quick to
anger, athletic
• Daughter of Zeus &
Leto
• Twin of Apollo
• Skilled archer, lived
among virgin nymphs
Hephaestus/Vulcan
God of Fire & Forge
• Fire, quail
• Modest, helpful,
prone to laughter
• Son of Zeus & Hera
• Ugly and lame
• Helped by Cyclopes
in underground forges
• Taught men to use
fire
Aphrodite/Venus
Goddess of Love
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Dove, rose, apple
Seductive, irresistible, sometimes treacherous
The foam-risen goddess
Hephaestus won her hand, not heart, she’s in
love with Ares
• Led Paris to Helen
The Myths
God Teachers, Quests, Cycles,
Metamorphoses, Losses of
Innocence, Creation
Prometheus
pro ME thee us
• Kind, clever, longsuffering
• An original Titan
• Benefactor of
Mankind
• stole fire from Zeus
and gave it to the
primitive mortals
• Punished for
thousands of years
Demeter and Persephone
• Demeter goddess of
Agriculture
• Loving but moody
• Daughter Persephone
kidnapped by Hades
• Neglect of the Earth
• Pomegranate seeds
• Spring vs. Winter
Dionysus
dy o NY sis
• God of the Vine
• Grapes, panther, goat,
dolphin
• Joyful, pleasure-loving,
dangerous when
opposed
• Son of Zeus & Semele
• Turned kidnapping sailors
into dolphins
• Bacchantes ecstasy
dancing
Cupid and Psyche
CUE pid and SY key
• Cupid (Eros) Archer of
Love
• Psyche Greek Heroine
• Punished for challenging
Aphrodite (Eros’ mother)
• Accidental love
• Jealous sisters urge
disobedience
• Oil drip wakes Eros
• Vengeful tasks of
Aphrodite
• Forgiveness and
marriage
Athena and Arachne
a THEE nah and a RAK nee
• Athena challenged
Arachne
• Arachne’s weaving
was better
• She hung herself after
being beaten
• Athena turned her
into a spider
Pygmalion and Galatea
pig MAIL yon and gal ah TAY ah
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King of Cyprus
Sculpted a woman
Prayed to Aphrodite
Live statue
Love and marriage
Apollo and Daphne
ah PAWL oh and DAF nee
• Apollo taunted Eros
• One arrow of gold
one of lead
• Pursuit and plea for
help
• Laurel tree
transformation
• Vow of fidelity
Phaeton
FAY tohn
• Childish son of Apollo
(Helios)
• Proof of parentage
• Wish granted to fly
the chariot
• Out of control flight
• Zeus puts an end to it
Pyramus and Thisbe
PEER ah muss and THIZ bee
• Fairest and Handsomest
in Babylonia
• Forbidden love
• Plan to meet at Tomb of
Ninus
• Thisbe’s cape soiled with
blood by a lioness
• Pyramus stabbed himself
over her assumed death
• Thisbe returned to him
and stabbed herself also
Icarus and Daedalus
ICK ar uss and DAY dah luss
• Jealous of his nephew
Talus, killed him and
moved to Crete
• King Minos’ wife fell in
love and had a child with
a bull (Minotaur)
• Daedalus built the
labyrinth and a way to
escape
• Warnings of high and low
flying to Icarus
• Melting wax, falling Icarus
Narcissus
nar SISS uss
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Hera’s sentence of silence for Echo the nymph
Narcissus is vain, Echo loved him
“Is anyone here?” “Here, here!”
Echo ignored by Narcissus faded to only a voice
Finally saw himself and died looking at it
Baucis and Philemon
BA kiss and FILL ah min
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Zeus & son Hermes
Test of Hospitality
Ever-full wine bowl
Flood
Hut to Temple
Oak and Linden trees
Pyrrah and Deucalion
PEER ah and doo CAL yon
• The Greek Noah, son of
Prometheus (who warned
him)
• Zeus floods Earth
• Ran aground on
Parnassus
• Loneliness in a cave
(Delphi Oracle)
• “Throw the bones of your
mother over your
shoulders.”
• Rocks turn to people
• Parents of Pandora
Jason
JAY son
• Jason sent away to avoid
death by uncle
• Bargain for thrown with uncle
(golden fleece)
• Argonauts set out
• Bargains with Medea’s father
• Plowed the fields of the fire
breathing bull, attained fleece,
and distracted Medea’s father
with her help.
• Married Medea, later grew
tired of her and she killed their
children
Theseus
THEE see us
• Aegeus buried sandals
and sword under heavy
rock
• Theseus lifted it at 16 yrs.
• Slayed the Minotaur
(labyrinth) for Minos
• Ariadne loved Theseus
and asked Daedalus for
help (thread idea)
• Returning to Aegeus,
wrong sails displayed
Hercules
HER cue leez
• Hearty, good-natured,
prone to rages
• 12 Labors
• Nemean Lion, Hydra,
Thrace’s flesh-eating
horses, Cerebrus, etc
• Made a god upon his
death
Perseus
PER see uss
• King Acresias and Danae
• Polydectes loved Danae,
Perseus protects by offering
Medusa’s head
• Athena’s shield, nymph’s
invisibility helmet, winged
sandals, and magic pouch,
Hermes’ knife
• He succeeds
• Pegasus born
• Saved Andromeda, froze her
family for deceit
• Also froze Polydectes for
hassling Danae