Transcript How did Jupiter fight against his father Cronus?

Greek Myths
and Stories
Chapter One: The Gods of Greece
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This chapter can also be titled as The Origin of
Greek Gods and Goddesses.
Key words in this chapter are:
Cronus, Rhea, Zeus ( Jupiter), Cyclopes, Hera
( Juno), Poseidon ( Neptune), Hades (Pluto),
Demeter ( Ceres),
Persephone ( Proserpine), Hermes ( Mercury),
Hephaestus ( Vulcan), Ares ( Mars),
Apollo, Artemis ( Diana), Athena ( Minerva),
Aphrodite ( Venus), Eros ( Cupid)
Zeus at Versailles
A Statue of Jupiter
Poseidon
( Neptune )
Hades
( Pluto )
Pluto and
Proserpine
in
Versailles
Pluto took Proserpine away
Persephone
going back
to the upper
world
Return of
Persephone
Athena,
goddess of
wisdom
The Birth of Venus by Botticelli
Alexandre Cabanal’s Birth of Venus ( 1863 )
Sacred and Profane Love ( 1514 ), painted
by Titian, the most distinguished Italian
artist in the Renaissance
Venus, Cupid and Adonis
Cupid and
Psyche
Daphne
and
Apollo
Diana, goddess of hunting
The three
Graces
in Denmark
Nymphs and Satyr
(1873)
Nymphs and
Satyr (1873)
by
Bouguereau
John Williams Waterhouse, Hylas and the Nymphs ( 1896 )
Bouguereau, Orestes driven Mad by the Furies
Questions
Why Cronus swallowed his children as
soon as they were born?
 How many children had been swallowed
before Zeus ( Jupiter ) was born?
 How did Zeus ( Jupiter ) was saved by his
mother?
 What’s the meaning of Zeus’ name? How
he got his name?
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Why did Jupiter fight against his father
Cronus?
 How did Jupiter fight against his father
Cronus?
 Who were Jupiter’s brothers and sisters?
 Who was the god of sea? Who was the
god of the underground world?
 Why nobody wanted to marry Pluto and to
be the queen of the kingdom of the
underworld?
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How Pluto got a beautiful girl as his wife? What
happened when Proserpine was taken to the
underworld to be a queen?
Who was the goddess of wisdom? Where did she
come from?
Who was the goddess of love and beauty? Where
did she come from and to whom she was given to
be a wife?
Who was Eros, or Cupid? What would happen if
one’s heart was pierced by his arrow?
Who were Fates? What would happen if they
desired to destroy somebody?
Chapter 2 and 3
Deucalion and Cadmus
Deucalion 丢卡利翁，普罗米修斯
（Prometheus）的儿子，皮拉（Pyrrha）
的丈夫，赫楞（Hellen）的父亲。
 Phoenicia 腓尼基，地中海东岸古国，约在
今天叙利亚、黎巴嫩一带。腓尼基的文字影
响了希腊的文字。多数学者相信希腊文起源
于腓尼基文。
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Cadmus 卡德摩斯。欧罗巴被宙斯拐走后，
阿革诺耳（Agenor）派卡德摩斯兄弟外出寻
找。此时有神喻要卡德摩斯停止寻找，并跟
随一头牛走，在牛歇息的地方建城。卡德摩
斯执行神示，成为忒拜（Thebes）的建城者。
事实上，他和欧罗巴一样，可以视为欧洲人
的祖先，因为当今多数学者相信，希腊文起
源于腓尼基文，希腊字母来源于腓尼基字母。
卡德摩斯的故事在一定程度上反映了这一历
史事实，因为在课文中，卡德摩斯教会人们
读书写字---“他的学校是欧洲最早的学校。”
Europa 欧罗巴，腓尼基国王阿革诺耳的女儿，
卡德摩斯的妹妹。她在海边玩耍时，被宙斯化
为公牛带到克里特岛，并和宙斯生国王米诺斯。
教材中说她被带到今天的欧洲，欧洲因她而得
名。
 Amphion 安菲翁，会用音乐筑墙的琴师。
 Harmony （Harmonia） 哈耳摩尼娅，卡德摩
斯的妻子，阿瑞斯和阿佛洛狄忒的女儿。“哈
耳摩尼娅的项链”代表不吉的礼物或不幸的命
运，已经成为西方成语.
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The two chapters tell different stories.
 The first one tells how Greek people
were all destroyed by a flood out of the
will of Jupiter because they became
wicked, and how Deucalion and his wife
Pyrrha escaped from death and became
the only survivals, and how they became
the ancestors of the new-born Greek
people.
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In this chapter the first thing we should note is
that where the English word “music” came
from. It came from Muses, the nine goddesses
of poetry, arts, and sciences. You know that the
great contribution ancient Greek people made
to human civilization is their poetry, arts,
sciences and philosophy, so Muses should be
remembered by us. In the following times,
especially from Renaissance to 19th century,
western poets and writers always wished to
have inspiration from the Muse who was in
charge of poetry or literature.
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The second thing we should keep in mind is
that how ancient Greeks got their name. They
got their name from one of the son of
Deucalion, who was named Hellen. The name
differs from Helen, the most beautiful woman
in all the Greek world. The two words differs
form each other because one has two “L” in
spelling while another has only one “L”.
Anyway, we should know that Greek people
call themselves as Hellenes and call their
country as Hellas.
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The third one that we should pay our
attention to is that there were many
stories in ancient world which talked
about the flood. For example, the great
flood in ancient China, which was
connected with Da Yu, who is known by
all Chinese People. But I wonder if you
know the great flood described in the
Bible.
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According to the Bible, when God saw all the
people became wicked, he decided to destroy
them by a flood, and while the great flood
destroyed all the humans, only Noah and his
family members ---- his wife and their three
sons ---- survived the disaster by getting into a
big boat called Ark. Now, one would be
tempted to ask, why there are so many similar
myths and stories in different cultures? And
this is the task that comparative literature has
to do.
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Now I will talk about another story. It is about
Cadmus and Europa.
In reading this story we should learn by heart
that Europe got its name after Europa, the
beautiful daughter of a king in Asia.
Such a story tries to tell us that European
people created their civilization under the
influence of ancient Asian peoples such as
Phoenicia and Mesopotamia.
Both Cadmus and Europa can be seen as the
ancestors of European people.
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According to your textbook, Europe got its
name after Europa, and Cadmus taught people
the arts of reading and writing, so the Greek
people learned their a-b-c’s, and Cadmus’
school was the first school in Europe. This is
precisely what modern historians try to tell us.
According to modern scholars, Greek language
came from Phoenician language, that means it
had an Asian origin, and the story of Cadmus
reflects just the same historical fact.
Questions
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Where did the word “music” come from? or,
Where did the word “music” has its origin?
Why Jupiter decided to destroy the early
Greeks by a flood?
How did Deucalion and his wife survive while
all his fellowmen were destroyed by the flood ?
What is an “oracle” ? What did a god speak to
Deucalion from the cleft in Mount Parnassus ?
What happened when Deucalion and
Pyhhra had thrown stones behind them
as they were asked to do by a god?
 Why Greeks called themselves Hellenes?
How did they call their country？
 According to the textbook, how Europe
got its name ?
 Who was Europa? How she was carried
off ( abducted, taken away ) to a far-off
place ?
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Why Cadmus gave up his search of Europa?
What he was asked to do by an oracle?
When the dragon’s teeth were planted in soil,
what happened ?
What did Cadmus shout to those warriors when
they were fighting against each other ?
What did Cadmus do after he built Thebes ?
Who was Harmony and what happened to her
according to the text?
Retell the ending of the story about Cadmus.
Apollo and the nine Muses
Apollo and the nine Muses
Europa was taken away by the Bull by Titian
Rembrandt，Europa was taken
away by the Bull
Cadmus slew the Drag
Chapter Four
Agamemnon & Achilles
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Agamemnon 阿伽门农：迈锡尼国王、特洛伊战争
中希腊联军的统帅。
Peleus 珀琉斯：赛萨利国王，阿喀琉斯之父；在
他和忒提丝的婚礼上不和女神扔下了金苹果。
Thetis 忒提丝：阿喀琉斯之母；曾将刚出生的阿喀
琉斯放入冥河浸泡。
Priam 普里阿摩：特洛伊国王、赫克托耳和帕里斯
之父。
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Paris 帕里斯：特洛伊王子；曾充当赫拉、雅典
娜、阿佛洛狄忒争夺“金苹果”的裁判。因带走海
伦而引发特洛伊战争。
Helen 海伦：希腊第一美女、墨涅拉俄斯的妻子；
因被帕里斯带走而引发特洛伊战争。
Menelaus 墨涅拉俄斯：阿伽门农的弟弟、海伦
的丈夫、斯巴达国王、特洛伊战争中的希腊将领。
Iphigenia 伊菲革涅亚：阿伽门农的女儿，曾被
其父用来向神献祭。
Achilles
阿喀琉斯：珀琉斯和海中女神忒提丝
所生的儿子，浑身刀枪不入，唯一的弱点是脚踝；
特洛伊战争中希腊最英勇善战的将领。
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Ulysses 尤利西斯：又名俄底修斯，伊萨卡国王，
以足智多谋著称。荷马史诗《伊利亚特》中希腊联
军之著名将领，献木马计攻下特洛伊；后成为荷马
另一部史诗《奥德赛》之主人公。
Patroclus 帕特洛克勒斯：阿喀琉斯的好友，死
于赫克托耳之手。他的死使阿喀琉斯重新参战攻打
特洛伊人，并杀死赫克托耳为其复仇。
Hector 赫克托耳：特洛伊国王普里阿摩斯的儿子、
帕里斯的兄弟。特洛伊最勇猛的英雄，为阿喀琉斯
所杀。
Andromache 安德洛玛刻：赫克托耳的妻子，以
对丈夫的钟爱著称；特洛伊失陷后被希腊人掳走。
Paris and the Three Goddesses
Paris as the Judge
Paris and Helen by David
The Sacrifice of Iphigenia, a 1st Century AD Roman copy of a 4th Century
BC painting by Timanthes, discovered at Pompeii, and now in the
Museum at Naples.
Achilles discovered by Ulysses
Achilles and Agamemn
quarreled by David
Achilles and
Agamemnon
quarreled
The Embassy to Achilles
Achilles
fought
Hector
Achilles slain Hector
Achilles
was killed
Questions
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What did the goddess of discord do while all the
gods and goddesses were enjoying the wedding
feast?
What words were written on the golden apple?
Who were the three goddesses who all wanted
to get the golden apple?
Who was Paris? What did his mother dream
when he was born? And what decision was
made by his father?
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How each of the three goddesses tried to
persuade Paris to decide the matter in her favor?
Who was Helen, and what was the cause of the
Trojan War?
Why Agamemnon had to sacrifice his own
daughter?
What did Achilles’ mother do after he was born?
Why Achilles refused to fight the Trojans and
declared he would help the Greeks no more?
Who advised the Greeks to build the wooden
horse?
Liberal English