Transcript Operating systém GNU Linux

Operating systém GNU Linux
History
• First computers
– WW II
• The Bomb (Alan Turing)
• Colosus (Thomas Flowers)
History
• ENIAC 1946 (US Army)
History
• 1936: Z1-Z3 Computers (Konrad Zuse,
Germany)
• Destroyd 1944
1950-1959
• Jobs system
• Languages of Symbolic Adreses
(Assembler)
• UNIVAC (1. commercial product)
1960-1965
• Early computers with Operating systems
– MFT (IBM,1962)
– Multics (Multiplexed Information and
Computing servicies, Bell laboratories, 1964)
UNIX
• 1969 Ken Thompsen, Dennis Ritchie (Bell
Laboratories, AT&T)
• Computer game Space Travel
– Multitasking
– Multiuser
– Written in Hight Programming Language (C)
– File system
History of UNIX
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Unix-history.svg
LINUX
• 1991 (Linux Thorvald)
• Linux Distribution
– Debian, Fedora, Red
Hat,…
• GNU Linux
• SLAX
PC Operation Systems
• 1981 MS DOS
• 1985 MS Windows
– ….
Architecture of OS
Shell
• Application sw for communication between
user and OS kernel
– Bourne shell (bs)
– Borne again shell (bash)
– C shell (csh)
–…
– Secure shell (ssh)
Bourne again shell
• GNU shell used in various distribution of
GNU Linux
• UNIX compatible
File system
• ls
– ls –l
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pwd
cd
rm,cp,mv
type
more
Linux file system
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bin --- basic executable files
boot --- start szstem files
etc --- tables
home --- home directories of users
lib --- libraries
mnt --- mounted devicies
usr --- applications
Redirection of input, output
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echo “Hello friends”
echo “Hello friends” >file
type file
type file, file > file
type file | more
mail [email protected] <file
Rules of acces
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rwxrwxrwx
rwxr- -r-chmod
chown
Processes
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ps
ps –aux
while 1 do echo ”hallo”
while 1 do echo ”hallo” > file &
running on background
kill PID
Users
• /etc/passwd
• adduser
Exercise
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Create new user with your login name
Create user vanicek
Create file with a greeting
Send this file by mail to user vanicek
Set rights to this file to everyone
Start a process iteratively sending an
greeting email to user vanicek
• Stop this process