Transcript Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

Comp 012 : Computer Skills
Preparatory Program of:
College of Medicine and College of Dentistry
Semester: I - 1433-1434
By:
Dr. Yosry Azzam
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WELCOME
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Lecturer
Name: Riyadh Almushrafy
Email: [email protected]
Tel: 064044035 – Ext 4035
Bachelor in IT QUT – Australia 2009
Master in IT Monash – Australia 2011
Manager of e-learning and IT Unit
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Objective:
This course is aimed to provide a fundamental understanding of computer
science for the students in their early stages of academic career. Since
informatics is one of the basic topics that students in health
and medical sciences should study at college, the Orientation
Program offers a basic information technology course. This
is a computer literacy course that introduces students to
computers and their importance in society. The course
covers the basic terminology in terms of Hardware,
Software, Communication, and Internet. In addition, the
course has a large practical part dedicated to train students
to use the basic application software. This will enable them
to use computers in a way to optimize their work and make
it professional and efficient as possible. The course is meant
to provide essential acquaintance for students with no
previous background in computers.
Prerequisite: None.
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Textbook:
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(Required) "ICDL Exam Cram™ 2 (Syllabus 4.0) by
Mike Gunderloy; Susan Sales Harkins, Exam Cram,
(2004)
(Optional) "ECDL/ICDL 4.0 Study Guide” by John
Lancaster, David Penfold, and David Stott, (2007).
Reference:
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Class notes.
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Topics:
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Course Introduction
Introduction to Information Technology
Windows environment
Word Processing
Spreadsheets
Database
Presentation
Information and Communication
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Grading:
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mid term Exams: 20 %
QuizzesTo be defined prior to them: 10 %
Reports, projects and attendance: 10 %
Final Lab Exam: 20 %
Final Exam: 40 %
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Unannounced Quizzes: (maybe, maybe not)
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Class notes, & Homework assignments: Will be given as we
progress.
Tentative Schedule:
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Exam I: week 7 (covers until week 6)
Final Lab Exam : week 16 (covers all course)
Final exam: at the end of semester
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Syllabus & Schedule
This semester
Computers may be replaced
Schedule
Sat 8:00am – 9:50 am
Mon 8:00 - 9:50 am
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What Is a Computer?
How is a computer defined?
Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
Accepts data
Raw facts, figures, and
symbols
Processes data into information
Data that is organized,
meaningful, and useful
Produces and stores results
What makes a computer powerful?
Storage
Speed
Accuracy
Communications
Reliability
(Dependability)
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Hardware, Software and IT
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Review Question
Define Computer?
What is meant by IT?
Explain the difference between data and information
?
What is the smallest unit of memory?
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Hardware
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Definiton
Input devices
Output devices
Input/Output device as one
System unit
Centeral Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory
Storage Devices
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Definition
A computer and the associated physical equipment directly
involved in the performance of data-processing or
communications functions.
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The Components of a Computer
What is an _____
input device?
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Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions
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The Components of a Computer
What is an ______
output device?
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Hardware that
conveys
information
to a user
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The Components of a Computer
What is the system unit?
Box-like
case containing
electronic components
used to process data
Sometimes
the chassis
called
system unit
system unit
system unit
system unit
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The System Unit
What are common components inside
the system unit?
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Processor
Memory
Adapter cards
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Sound card, Modem card
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Video card, Network card
Ports
Drive bays
Power supply
power supply
processor
memory
ports
sound card
network card
What is a chip?
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drive bays
Small piece of semi-conducting material on
which integrated circuits are etched (ex:
etched in my memory)
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Integrated circuits contain many
microscopic pathways capable of
carrying electrical current
Chips are packaged so they can be
attached to a circuit board
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modem card
video card
dual inline
packages (DIP)
holds memory
chips
pin grid
array (PGA)
package
holds processor
chips
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The System Unit
adapter cards
processor chip
What is the motherboard?
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Main circuit board in
system unit
Contains adapter cards,
processor chips, and
memory chips
Also called system board
memory chips
What are two main components on
the motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a processor
Carries out instructions that tell
computer what to do
Memory
Temporary holding place for
data and instructions
memory slots
Expansion
slots for
adapter cards
motherboard
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Central Processing Unit
What is the central processing unit (CPU)?
 Interprets
and carries
out basic instructions
that operate a computer
 Control unit directs and
coordinates operations in
computer
 Arithmetic logic unit
Input
(ALU) performs
Devices
arithmetic, comparison,
and logical operations
 Also
Processor
Control
Control
Unit
Unit
Arithmetic
Arithmetic
Logic
Logic Unit
Unit (ALU)
(ALU)
Information
Data
Information
Data
Memory
Information
Output
Devices
Information
Data
Information
called the processor
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Storage
Devices
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Central Processing Unit
What is the system clock?
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Controls timing of all computer operations
Generates regular electronic pulses, or ticks, that set operating pace of
components of system unit
Pace of system
clock is clock speed
Each tick
Processor speed can
Most
clock
speeds
are
is a
also be measured in
in
the
gigahertz
(GHz)
clock cycle
millions of instructions
range (1 GHz = one
per second (MIPS)
billion ticks of system
clock per second)
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Expansion Slots and Expansion Cards
Types of Adapter Cards
What is an adapter card?
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Enhances system
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unit or provides connections to
external devices called peripherals
Also called an expansion card
What is an expansion slot?
An opening, or socket, on the
motherboard that can hold an
adapter card
With Plug and Play, the
computer automatically
configures cards and other
devices as you install them
Where does memory reside?
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Resides on small circuit board called
memory module
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Memory slots on motherboard hold
memory modules
memory chip
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Ports
What are ports and connectors?
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Port connects external devices to system unit
Connector joins cable to peripheral
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Available in one of two genders: male and female
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Ports
What are different types of connectors?
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Ports
What is a serial port?
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Transmits one bit of data at a time
Connects slow-speed devices, such as
mouse, keyboard, modem
What is a parallel port?
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Connects devices that can transfer more
than one bit at a time, such as a printer
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Software
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Definition
Major Types
Operating Sytems
Operating System Software
Application System Software
Shrink-Wrapped vs. Custom
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GUI
 System Development
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Computer Software
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What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
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Allows you to interact with the software using
graphics and icons
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Controls how you enter data and how the screen
displays information
Operating System (OS)
is a set of programs
What is system software?
that coordinates all
Programs that control the
activities among
operations of the
computer hardware
computer and its devices
devices and allows
users to run
application software
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What is application software?
Programs that perform specific tasks for
users
Popular software applications
bundled together as a single unit
What is a programmer?
Word
Processing
Utility Programs allow the user to
perform maintenance-type tasks
usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its programs
Spreadsheet
Presentation
Graphics
Database
Javascript program
Someone who develops
application or system software
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Programmer writes instructions to direct
computer to process data into information
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Personal Computers
What are the two most popular series of
personal computers?
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PC and compatibles use the
Windows operating system
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Apple Macintosh uses the
Macintosh operating system
(Mac OS)
What is a desktop computer?
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Designed so all of the
components fit on or
under a desk or table
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Notebook Computers
What is a notebook computer?
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Portable, small enough to fit on
your lap
Also called a laptop
Generally more expensive than
a desktop computer
Notebook, weighing between
2.5 and 8 pounds, or mobile
device such as a PDA
PC Cards
in PC
Card
slots
disk in
floppy
disk
drive or
Zip® disk
drive
What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?
 Provides personal organizer
functions
 Calendar
 Appointment book
 Address book
 Calculator
 Notepad
CD or DVD drive
battery
notebook computer
flash memory card
PDA
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Handheld Computers
What is a tablet PC?
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Resembles a letter-sized slate
Allows you to write on the screen using a
stylus (needle-like for recorder reading)
Smaller version is the modular computer
What is a handheld computer?
Small
enough to fit
in your
hand
Used
by mobile employees such
as meter readers and
delivery people
What are Web-enabled handheld computers?
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Allow you to check e-mail and access
the Internet
Web-enabled telephone is a “smart
phone”
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Categories of Computers
What are the categories of computers?
Personal computers (desktop)
Mobile computers
and mobile devices
Midrange server Powerful,
large computer that supports up
to a few thousand computers
Mainframe Very powerful,
expensive computer that supports
thousands of computers
Supercomputer The fastest, most
powerful, most expensive computer.
Used for applications requiring
complex mathematical calculations
Midrange servers
Mainframe computers
Supercomputers
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Examples of Computer Usage
What are five categories of computer users?
Home
Small Office/
Home Office (SOHO)
Web access
Local area network
(LAN)
Communications Productivity software
Specialty software
Personal
Web usage
finance
E-mail
management
Entertainment
Mobile
Power
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Large Business
Network Productivity
Engineers
software Scheduling
Architects
Web access
Desktop publishers
Telecommuting
Graphic artists
(e.g. Traveling)
Public kiosk
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