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2440: 141
Web Site Administration
Server Installation
Instructor: Enoch E. Damson
Prepare the Server for Installation
Production systems use a single-boot system
Only one operating system is on a computer
Educational or training systems usually use multi-
boot systems
More than one operating system on a computer
Service packs (Microsoft) or errata (Linux) are useful
for operating system improvements and maintenance
Linux errata are usually divided into: security alerts, bug
fixes and enhancements
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Prepare the Server for Installation…
Most operating systems are designed to control the
master boot record (MBR)
MBR – a sector on the hard disk that contains a boot loader
program intended to start the boot process
Linux uses either the GRUB or LILO boot loaders
LILO (LInux LOader) –
Has no interactive command interface
Does not support booting from a network
Wrong configuration could leave the system unbootable
Because changing the LILO config file requires the LILO stage one boot
loader to be rewritten to the MBR
GRUB (GRnux Unified Boat Loader) –
Has interactive command interface
Supports booting from a network
Defaults to the GRUB command-line interface, after incorrect configuration
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Prepare the Server for Installation…
For multi-boot systems, you may want to install
Windows first before Linux
The Linux boot method will allow both operating systems to
coexist on the same hard disk
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Checking Hardware Compatibility
Typically there are fewer problems when using hardware
designed for a server from major manufacturers
IDE drives are always compatible
Make sure the latest drivers for SCSI and RAID controllers
are available
With video adapters and NICs, it is best to use ones from
major vendors
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System Documentation
Should be detailed enough for inexperienced network
administrator
System documentation is an ongoing process
Changes occur over the life of the server
These changes need to be documented
Need compatibility information
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System Documentation…
Some hardware information include:
Server manufacturer, including model information
Processor type and speed
Amount of RAM
Drive interface – RAID, SCSI, IDE
Hard disk – size, manufacturer, and model
NIC manufacturer and model
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System Documentation…
Other system information include:
Partition information – number and sizes
Operating system version installed
Latest software patches
Extra drivers needed
URLs for latest drivers
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System Documentation…
Steps for installation including options chosen
Keep documentation, CDs, drivers in a binder
Know support details
Who to call
Contract phone number
Type of support contract
Expiration of contract
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The Installation Process
The Setup program will ask you about your system
You need to know the answers to these questions before
you start
Many of the questions are common to all operating
systems
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The Installation Process…
Partitioning the Hard Disk:
A partition is a logical division of the hard disk
On Windows systems, you may create a primary partition
and an extended partition
Primary partition – where a system boots from
Extended partition – where more drives are added
Gives you more logical drives in Windows
It is best to isolate the operating system from
applications
If the application partition fills and the operating system is on the
same partition, the OS stops
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The Installation Process…
Linux Partitions:
Six partitions are used for Linux by default
/ (root partition)
swap (used for virtual memory)
/boot (boot files – small)
/usr (shared files and programs)
/home (user files and programs)
/var (Web site, FTP, log files)
Just / and swap are required
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Managing Multiple Operating Systems on a
Single Computer
Useful for development and training purposes
Best to start with non-partitioned hard disk
Create one partition for each Windows OS
Allow Linux to create default partitions
Install Windows first, then Linux
Linux installation then produces a menu to select
Windows
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The Installation Process…
Naming Computers:
Identify a computer on the network
Windows communicates the computer name to other
computers on the subnet so it should be unique
Name of computer is not related to how the computer is
recognized on the Internet
In Linux, the hostname can exist on more than one
computer
It only uses IP addresses for communication
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The Installation Process…
Software Licensing:
Describes how the software can be used
For Windows, usually each installation must be
activated by Microsoft
Linux is basically free but there may be a cost for
packaging, support, and extras
Based on the GNU general public license
Red Hat has personal, professional, and Advanced
Server options
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The Installation Process…
Selecting a File System:
A file system determines how files are stored on a hard disk
Some Windows file systems include:
NTFS
FAT32
FAT
Some Linux file systems include:
ext4
ext3
ext2
JFS
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Default Operating System File
Systems
Release Year
1981
1984
1985
1989
1990
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1998
1998
2000
2000
2001
2003
2003
2006
2008
2009
Operating System
MS-DOS/PC DOS
Mac OS
Mac OS
OS/2 v1.2
Windows 3.0 / 3.1x
Linux
FreeBSD v1-v5.0
Windows NT 3.5
Windows 95
Windows NT 4.0
Mac OS 8.1 / Mac OS X
Windows 98
Windows Me
Windows 2000
Windows XP
FreeBSD v5.1-v9
Windows Server 2003
Windows Vista
Windows Server 2008
Windows 7
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File System
FAT12
Macintosh File System (MFS)
Hierarchical File System (HFS)
High Performance File System (HPFS)
FAT16B
ext / ext2 / ext3 / ext4
UFS1
NTFS
FAT16 and VFAT
NTFS
HFS Plus (HFS+)
FAT32
FAT32
NTFS
NTFS but FAT32 is also common
UFS2
NTFS
NTFS
NTFS
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Basic Linux Concepts
No drive letters
The root is /
Devices may be mounted before usage
mount /mnt/cdrom
Devices may also be un-mounted before removing
them to flush the file buffer files are copied to them
umount /mnt/floppy
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Linux Shell Prompt
Shell – the command-line interface
E.g. sh, bash, csh, tcsh, ksh
Most work is done on Linux at the shell prompt using commands such
as the following:
Linux Shell Command
exit
kill/killall
cd
ls
mkdir
rm
rm -r
mv
cp
find/locate
useradd
clear
ifconfig
chmod
cmp
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Windows Equivalent
exit
kill/pskill
cd
dir
md
del/erase
deltree
move
copy/xcopy/mv
find
addusers
cls
ipconfig
icacls/xcacls
comp
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Configuring TCP/IP on Linux
To determine TCP/IP configuration in Linux, type
ifconfig at a shell prompt
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Configuring TCP/IP on Windows
To determine TCP/IP configuration in Windows, type
ipconfig at a command prompt
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