Transcript Plymouth State College - Plymouth State University

Software
System Software
Application Software
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System Software
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What is Software?
Step-by-step instructions(program)
 Software controls the hardware
 Software Package includes:

• Instructions for the Hardware (Programs)
• Data
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Software Categories

System Software
• Operating System
– Graphic User Interface
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs

Application Software
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One of the First
“Personal Computers”
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One of the First
“Personal Computers”
(1975)
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Without an Operating System

Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800
hobbyist computer every time it was turned on!
• First, load the Operating System:
– Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”).
– Use this short program to input additional programs through
a paper tape reader.
• Then, load any programs:
– Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded.
• It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something.
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Working with System Software

Users

Software

Hardware
System Software
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Working with Application
Software


Users
Application
Software
Software
System Software

Hardware
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Operating System
What It Does

Booting

CPU management

File management

Task management
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“Booting”
(starting up the computer)
• Cold boot:
– Starting up the computer by turning the power
on.
– Operating system in ROM looks and loads
remaining operating system into RAM.
• Warm boot:
– Reloads the operating system into RAM without
disrupting the power to the disk drives or power
supply.
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Management of Files
• File: the name given to any program or
chunk of data that is stored on a computer.
– Most computers today have Hierarchical File
systems.
– Files are stored in groupings (folders or
directories).
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Input / Output of Information

All types of information are stored in
binary form.
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010
001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101
010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011
000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010
• Problem: The computer has no way of discerning
between types unless a file is marked in some
manner for identification by the operating system.
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File Storage

A file is a named collection of data
stored on a disk or tape

You supply the name

The application supplies the extension
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File Names

.
DOS - FILENAME EXT
8
.
3
• FILENAME - Determined by user
• EXT - Determined by Application

Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255
characters
• My First Lab for CS110.doc
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Files may Contain

Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL)

Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program)

Commands (.BAT)

Source Code (.BAS, .C)
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Working With Files

To use a file in Windows you may:
• Start the application, then open the file
OR
• Double-click on the file icon (docucentric)
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Operating System

Where does the operating system reside?
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Contains startup software instructions (BIOS).
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
– The main part of the operating system is transferred from a
secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM.
• The complete operating system is contained in
both ROM and RAM in the computer.
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Software
Main Memory
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
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Software
Main Memory
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
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Software
Main Memory
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
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Software
Main Memory
Application2
Application1
Windows
RAM
BIOS
ROM
Hardware
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Limited Main Memory
• Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a
program being too big to fit into the available
RAM.
– The operating system divides the program into
pieces.
– The pieces are stored on the hard disk.
– The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed.
• Disadvantage: This slows the system down,
because retrieval of information from the disk is
time consuming.
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Task Management

Multitasking

Multiprogramming (multi-user)
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Time-sharing (round-robin)

Multiprocessing (multi-CPU)
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Single-user, Single-tasking
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Multi-user, Multi-tasking
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Real-time processing
• Involves human interaction with the
computer.
• Requires quick or timely return of results.
• ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow!
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Process Control
• Refers to the control of some process by a
computer in real time.
• Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm.
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Menus
Pull-up
menu - a list
of options that pulls up
from the bottom of the
screen
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Menus
Fly-out
menus menus that
seem to
explode out
to the right
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Menus
Pull-down
menu - a list of options that pulls
down from the top of the screen
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My Computer Window
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Handhelds
Operating System Platforms

Palm OS

Windows CE/Pocket PC
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Operating System Trends
User-friendly
Networking
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
Open
vs. Proprietary
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Other System Software

Device drivers

Utility programs
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Examples of Utilities

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Calculator
Notepad
Virus Check
Check Disk for errors
De-fragment disk
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Disk Cleanup
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Defragment Utility
Fragmented
Defragmented
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Device Drivers
To add devices not directly supported
by the Operating System
 Examples:

•
•
•
•
CD-ROM
Scanners
New Printers
MODEMs
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Windows User Interface
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Mac OS User Interface
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Linux User Interface
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Windows Folders
CS110
Like File Folders
Folders may contain
Other Folders
Folders may contain Files
My Report
Budget
The “ROOT” Directory
A:\
Application Software
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Working With Files
Application
Software
User
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Budget
File
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Associating File Extensions
with Applications
Can you
connect each
data file with its
application(s)?
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Types of Application Software

Copyright
•
•
•
•
Commercial
Shareware
Freeware
Rentalware

Non-Copyright
• Public domain
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Application Software
Word Processing
 Desktop Publishing
 Spreadsheet
 Graphics
 Database
 Reference
 E-mail
 Games

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The Help Command
Help
command - a command generating a table of
contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you
locate answers
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Documents

To convey our ideas to others
Letters
 Job Applications
 Reports
 Publication

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Early Document
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Fonts
Font
- typeface
and type size
10 point
Times New Roman
14 point
Arial Black
16 point
Courier
32 point
Arial
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Word Processing

Integrating Tables & Graphs
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Writing Tools
• Spelling Checker
• Online Thesaurus
• Grammar & Style Checker
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Spreadsheet Graphics
Analytical
graphics - graphical forms that make
numeric data easy to analyze
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Database
Personal Information Manager
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Software Suites

Usually contain:
•
•
•
•

Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Communications
Examples:
• Microsoft Office
• Lotus SmartSuite
• COREL Office
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Desktop Publishing

Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce
high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer
and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
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Publishing Without Paper
Creating Documents
Word Processing
• HTML Documents
• Distribution
• Portable Documents (PDF)
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Computer Art Programs

Drawing programs

Painting programs
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Drawing & Painting Programs
Drawing
program graphics software that
allows users to design
and illustrate objects
and products
Vector image
Painting
program graphics program that
allows users to
simulate painting on
screen
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Raster
image
Painting Software

Free-hand

Bit-mapped
 Once
something is drawn, it becomes part of the
overall painting
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Drawing Software
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Object-oriented

Lines & shapes may be
combined into objects

Objects may be moved as a
single item
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CAD

Used for scaled drawings

Architecture

Mechanical Design
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Project Management Software

Manage projects that involve others

Used to plan and schedule the people,
costs, and resources to complete a
project on time
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FTP File Transfer
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Audio Editing
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Windows Media Player
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Intellectual Property

Copyright
•
•
•
•
Publisher owns software
User is granted a license to use it
No copies to be made
Used on one computer

Not recognized by all countries

Software Piracy
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Software Licenses
Signed Contract
 Shrinkwrap
 Single-use
 Multi-use
 Concurrent-use
 Site License

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Software Piracy

Illegal copying of
Software

Illegal Distribution of
Software

Illegal Use of Software
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What is software piracy?

Software piracy is the unauthorized copying,
reproduction, use, or manufacture of
software product(s) protected by U.S. and
international copyright law. On average, for
every authorized copy of computer software
in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated"
copy is made. In some countries, up to 99
unauthorized copies are made for every
authorized copy in use.
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Diskette Software Installation
1 of 30
30 of 30
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CD-ROM Software Installation
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Exam Next Week
Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4,
Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook
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Sample Exam Questions
Fill-ins:
The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia
form.
“_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications.
Possible answers:
Web
Cable
Information
Comp-com
Multiple choice:
Which is the main circuit board in the computer?
a. RAM chip (random access memory)
b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit)
c. motherboard (system board)
d. hard drive
Short answer:
What is multimedia?
What is the function of RAM?
What does downloading mean?
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