Transcript Stellar Evolution Task

Stellar Evolution Task
Low Mass Stars
How do they evolve
1 Sun
Sun
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
The evolutionary path of
a low mass star
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Draw the path from main sequence to white dwarf in the
HR diagram provided on the printed hand-outs
NEXT
What sizes can stars have
Atom
0.000000000001 km
Sun
700 000 km
NEXT
You
NTU
Nottingham
Earth
Jupiter
Sun
0.002 km
1 km
10 km
6 000 km
70 000 km
700 000 km
Earth's
Orbit
150 000 000 km
Saturn's
Orbit
Solar
System
1 500 000 000 km 6 000 000 000 km
Next
Star
40 000 000
000 000 km
Galaxy
300 000 000 000
000 000 km
Highlight the smallest and largest sizes of a low mass star during its evolution
on the size scale on the printed hand-out
Main page of
low mass evolution
Redo the starter
tasks to finish
100 000 Sun
Learn more about
Evolutionary
Speed
1 Sun
Colour
Change
Some Questions on Some further images
low mass evolution
and information on
evolutionary stages
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
Size
Evolution
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
1 Sun
Sun
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
The evolutionary path of
a low mass star
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Draw the path from main sequence to white dwarf in the
HR diagram provided on the printed hand-outs
NEXT
What sizes can stars have
Atom
0.000000000001 nm
Sun
700 000 km
NEXT
You
NTU
Nottingham
Earth
Jupiter
Sun
0.002 km
1 km
10 km
6 000 km
70 000 km
700 000 km
Earth's
Orbit
Saturn's
Orbit
150 000 000 km
150 000 000 km
Solar
System
1 500 000 000 km
Next
Star
40 000 000
000 000 km
Galaxy
300 000 000 000
000 000 km
Highlight the smallest and largest sizes of a low mass star during its evolution
on the size scale on the printed hand-out
Stellar Evolution Task
That's all on low mass stellar
evolution !
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
1 Sun
Main sequence
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
Time
40 000 K
NEXT
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Play
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
1 Sun
Subgiant branch
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
Time
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
1 Sun
Red Giant
Branch
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
Time
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
100 000 Sun
Time
1 Sun
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
Helium
Flash
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
100 000 Sun
Time
1 Sun
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
Horizontal
Branch
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
1 Sun
Asymptotic
Giant
Branch
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
Time
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
1 Sun
Planetary Nebula
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
Time
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
1 Sun
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
Time
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
Return to
Main Page
Play
Size
1 Sun
Main sequence
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
40 000 K
NEXT
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Play
Size
1 Sun
Subgiant branch
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
Red Giant
Branch
1 Sun
Size
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
100 000 Sun
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
Size
1 Sun
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
Helium
Flash
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
100 000 Sun
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
Size
1 Sun
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
Horizontal
Branch
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
Size
1 Sun
Asymptotic
Giant
Branch
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
1 Sun
Planetary Nebula
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
Size
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
1 Sun
Size
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
Return to
Main Page
Play
1 Sun
Main sequence
Colour
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
40 000 K
NEXT
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Play
Colour
1 Sun
Subgiant branch
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
1 Sun
Red Giant
Branch
Colour
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
100 000 Sun
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
1 Sun
Colour
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
Helium
Flash
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
100 000 Sun
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
1 Sun
Colour
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
Horizontal
Branch
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
1 Sun
Asymptotic
Giant
Branch
Colour
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
1 Sun
Planetary Nebula
Colour
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
NEXT
Play
1 Sun
Colour
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
A low mass star in
the HR diagram
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
Return to
Main Page
Play
100 000 Sun
Stellar evolution
low mass stars quiz
1 Sun
Click on the right
region in HR
diagram!
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
When has a low mass star
reached its largest size?
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Next
question
Return to
Main Page
Stellar evolution
low mass stars quiz
When has a low mass star
reached its largest size?
Correct!
On the Asymptotic Giant Branch a low mass star has
reached its largest size of ~100 times larger than our Sun.
Next
question
Return to
Main Page
Stellar evolution
low mass stars quiz
When has a low mass star
reached its largest size?
Wrong!
Either try again or
have another look at the size evolution slides
Redo
question
Return to
Main Page
1 Sun
Which are the three longest
evolutionary stages
of a low mass star?
Click on the one of the
right regions in HR
diagram!
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
Stellar evolution
low mass stars quiz
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
question
Next
question
Return to
Main Page
Stellar evolution
low mass stars quiz
Which are the three longest evolutionary stages of a
low mass star?
Correct!
The main sequence is the longest evolutionary phase of a
low mass star. Our Sun remains for 4.5billion years a main
sequence star.
Try to find the other phases or go to the next question.
Redo
question
Next
question
Return to
Main Page
Stellar evolution
low mass stars quiz
Which are the three longest evolutionary stages of a
low mass star?
Correct!
The horizontal branch is the third longest evolutionary
phase of a low mass star.
Try to find the other phases or go to the next question.
Redo
question
Next
question
Return to
Main Page
Stellar evolution
low mass stars quiz
Which are the three longest evolutionary stages of a
low mass star?
Correct!
The white dwarf phase is the second longest evolutionary
phase of a low mass star. Actually this isn't a real phase.
It is more the like the grave of a low mass star.
Try to find the other phases or go to the next question.
Redo
question
Return to
Main Page
Stellar evolution
low mass stars quiz
Which are the three longest evolutionary stages of a
low mass star?
Wrong!
Either try again or
have another look at the evolutionary speed slides.
Redo
question
Return to
Main Page
Stellar evolution
low mass stars quiz
1 Sun
Click on the
right colour!
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
100 000 Sun
Which colour does a
giant in the evolution of a
low mass star have before it
becomes a planetary nebula?
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Previous
question
Return to
Main Page
Stellar evolution
low mass stars quiz
Which colour does a giant in the
evolution of a low mass star have before
it becomes a planetary nebula?
Correct!
These stars are very red since they are very cool.
Our Sun will become as cold as 2 500 K on its surface.
Return to
Main Page
Stellar evolution
low mass stars quiz
Which colour does a giant in the
evolution of a low mass star have before
it becomes a planetary nebula?
Wrong!
Either try again or
have another look at the colour change slides.
Redo
question
Return to
Main Page
Info on low mass
evolution
100 000 Sun
Click on an evolutionary
phase in the HR diagram
you want to learn
more about!
1 Sun
Red Giants
Horizontal Branch
Planetary Nebula
0.001 Sun
Luminosity
Main
Page
White Dwarfs
40 000 K
2 500 K
Surface Temperature
Red Giants
Mira
Betelgeuse
Info
Page
Red giants are sooo large that we can actually 'see' their size.
Sadly we have to use very special techniques and
can't just look through a very large telescope.
Many bright red stars we see in the sky are red giants.
NEXT
Red Giants
NGC 6888 - Crecent
Previous Info
Page
Nebula
Red giants lose some of their mass during their evolution.
This material can form beautiful nebula around them and
also enriches the surrounding space with heavy elements.
NEXT
Red Giants
An artists impression of a
Supernova Type Ia
Info
Page
The Red Giant on the right is in a double star system.
It provides material for a white dwarf on the left. If the white dwarf collects enough
material it will explode as a Supernova (Type Ia). Since this happens at a
very specific mass and the brightness depends on the mass, we can
use these special Supernova to derive distances to very distant galaxies.
Horizontal Branch
A HR diagram of a cluster of old
Info
stars Page
NEXT
In this figure it becomes clear why these stars are called horizontal stars:
The location of all horizontal branch stars is highlighted and they all
lie in a horizontal region.
Horizontal Branch
Variable Horizontal branch
Previous Info
stars Page
You will have noticed that some horizontal branch stars seemed to be
above the normal region favoured by the others.
These special stars are variable stars. Maybe you can spot them in
the image of an old stellar cluster.
These special stars are used to determine distance in our Galaxy.
Planetary Nebula
M57 - Ring nebula
Info
Page
NEXT
During the Planetary Nebula phase the star becomes a white dwarf
and ejects all its mass into space. What remains is a white dwarf in the centre
and a beautiful symetric nebula. It looks like a ring since the mass the star
has lost is in a spherical shell around it.
Planetary Nebula
NGC 6543
Previous Info
Page
Sometimes the mass ejected by the star interacts with the mass it has
lost during the Red Giant Phase and creates more complicated patterns.
Here the nebula actually consists of two sperical shells.
one to the top left and one to the bottom right of the star.
NEXT
Planetary Nebula
Previous Info
Page
In some cases the two spherical shells look as if they are open at each end.
White Dwarfs
White dwarfs in an old stellar cluster
Info
Page
White dwarfs are difficulat to observe since they are the
faintest phase in the low mass stars evolution. However you will
end up with loads of them after a while in an old cluster.
NEXT
White Dwarfs
An artists impression of
Supernova Type Ia
Previous Info
Page
a
The Red Giant on the right is in a double star system.
It provides material for a white dwarf on the left. If the white dwarf collects enough
material it will explode as a Supernova (Type Ia). Since this happens at a
very specific mass and the brightness depends on the mass, we can
use these special Supernova to derive distances to very distant galaxies.