Transcript Chapter 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs

Chapter 8
Operating Systems and Utility Programs
TE-102 Introduction to Computing
http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/UG/TE-/102
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System Software
What is system software?
Definition: Programs that control operation of computer
Including:
 Operating system (OS) (also called platform)
 Utility programs
What is a cross-platform application?
----Runs identically on multiple operating systems
Operating system that computer uses is sometimes called the platform
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Operating System Functions
What is booting?

Process of starting or restarting a computer

Cold boot Turning
on computer that has
been powered off

Warm boot
Restarting computer
that is powered on
Warm boot from Windows
desktop
Warm boot from system unit
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What messages display on the screen
when you boot the computer?
4
Operating System Functions
What is a recovery disk?
--- Contains system files that will start computer when
computer cannot boot. Also called boot disk
---floppy disk, Zip, CD, DVD
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Operating System Functions
What is single user/ multitasking?

Working on two or more
programs that reside in
memory at same time

Foreground contains
application you are using

Background contains
programs that are
running but are not
in use
all running
processes
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Operating System Functions
What are other program management features of
operating systems?
Multiprocessing:
Can support two or more processors running programs at
same time
 Multiuser:
Enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously
 Fault-tolerant computer:
Continues to operate when one of its components fails
Has duplicate components such as processors, memory, and
disk drives
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Operating System Functions
Optimizing use of RAM
What is spooling?


Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer
Print jobs line up in queue
What is a device driver?


Program that tells operating system how to communicate with
device Also called driver
With Plug and Play, operating system automatically configures
new devices as you install them
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Types of Operating Systems
What are three categories of operating systems?
Stand-alone: complete operating system working on PC,
laptop, mobile computing device.
like DOS, Windows, Mac OS X, Unix, Linux
Network: OS designed specially to support a network, like
netware, windows server 2003,Unix, Linux and Solaris
Embedded : OS on most PDA and small devices
Like, windows CE.net, windows mobile 2003, Palm OS, Symbian
OS, Android OS and Apple iOS
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is DOS (Disk Operating System)?
• Developed in early 1980s for personal computers
• Hardly used today because it does not offer GUI
• Used command-line interface when first developed, later
included menus in DOS SHELL
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems
How do Windows versions compare?
Windows Version
Year Released
Windows 3.x
1990
Windows NT 3.1
1993
Windows 95
1995
Windows NT Workstation 4.0
1996
Windows 98
1998
Windows Millennium Edition
2000
Windows 2000 Professional
2000
Windows XP
2001
Windows 2003 Server
2003
Windows Vista
2006
Windows Server 2008
2008
Windows 7
2009
Windows 8 / Windows Server 2012
2012
Winows 8.1 / Windows Server 2012 R2
2013
Windows 10 / Windows Server 10
2015
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems
http://windows.microsoft.com
/en-us/windows/preview
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Windows?


Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windows
operating system
Available in many editions:
1. Home Edition,
2. Professional Edition, and
3. Tablet PC / RT Edition
4. CE / Mobile Edition
5. Windows Server Editions
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characteristics of operating systems

Device-dependent
Runs only on specific type of computer

Proprietary software
Privately owned and limited to specific vendor or computer
model

Device-independent
Runs on many manufacturers’ computers

Downward compatible
Works with application software written for earlier version of
operating system

Upward compatible
Runs on new versions of operating system
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Mac OS X?

Available only for computers manufactured
by Apple

Macintosh operating
system has been
model for most GUIs
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is OS/2 Warp Client?


IBM’s GUI multitasking operating system
Supports networking, Java, the Internet, and
speech recognition
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is UNIX?

Used by power users because of its flexibility
and power

Most versions offer GUI

Both a stand-alone and a
network operating system
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Linux?

Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type
operating system

Open-source software —
code is available to
public

Both a stand-alone
and a network
operating system
e
Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat
Linux. The GNOME graphical user interface is shown
in this example.
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Network Operating Systems
 Allows
users to share printer, Internet access,
files, and programs on a network
 Administers
security by establishing
user name and password for each user
Solaris
NetWare
Designed for
client/server
networks
Windows
Server 2003
 Version of UNIX
developed by Sun
Microsystems
Upgrade to Windows
2000 Server
OS/2
Warp Server
for e-business
 Specifically for
e-commerce
applications
IBM’s network
operating system
for business
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Embedded Operating Systems
What is an embedded operating system?

Found on most mobile
computers, PDAs, and other
small devices

Windows CE .NET is
scaled-down version of
Windows
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Embedded Operating Systems
What are two operating systems for PDAs?


Pocket PC 2002 for Pocket PC
Palm OS for Palm, Visor, and CLIE
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Utility Programs
utility program

System software that performs maintenance-type tasks
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Utility Programs
What is a disk scanner?


Detects and corrects problems on
hard disk or floppy disk
Searches for and removes
unnecessary files
What is a backup utility?


Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto another
disk or tape
compress files during backup to require less storage
space
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Utility Programs
What is a disk defragmenter?

Reorganizes files and unused space on hard
disk so programs run faster
fragmented disk
file before defragmenting
file after
defragmenting
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Utility Programs
What is a screen saver?

Causes monitor’s screen to display moving
image or blank screen if there is no activity
for a specified time

To secure computer,
user configures screen
saver to require
password to
deactivate
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Utility Programs
What is a diagnostic utility?

Compiles technical information
about hardware and some
software

Prepares report outlining
problems
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Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is a virus?


Potentially damaging computer program
Affects computer without user’s knowledge
SIGNS OF
VIRUS
INFECTION
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Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is an antivirus program?


Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage
media, and incoming files
Must be updated frequently
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Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is a file compression utility?

Shrinks size of files to free up room
and improve performance

Compressed files are sometimes called
zipped files

Two popular utilities:
PKZIPTM and WinZip®
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Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is a personal firewall?

Protects personal computer from unauthorized
intrusions

Monitors all transmissions
to and from computer
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