Transcript Concepts lecture1/8 types, input/output devices

E0001 Computers in Engineering
The Computer
Topics in Module 1
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basic hardware and software
programming languages and Qbasic
operating systems
application packages
directories and files
DOS and DOS commands
Computers used extensively in
Engineering and Surveying
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List 5 attributes of computers which
make them useful
fast
accurate
store huge amounts of data
economical
have intangible benefits
– aid decision making
– flow of information better quality control
Computer System
A computer system consists of both HARDWARE and SOFTWARE
HARDWARE - physical components
SOFTWARE - instructions that the
computer follows
COMPUTER PROGRAM - set of
instructions to perform a particular task
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HARDWARE
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input unit
output unit
system unit
primary storage
secondary storage
SOFTWARE
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Two main types
Systems software
– operating system
– programming languages
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applications software
Software - group these
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Spreadsheet
Dos
Windows 3.11
COBOL
Unix
C
OS2
wordprocessing
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CAD
Matlab
Visual Basic
Windows 95,98
Database
Assembly
Fortran
Windows NT
Operating
systems
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Unix
Dos
OS2
Windows
95,98
Windows
NT
Programming
Languages
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COBOL
C
Assembly
Fortran
Visual Basic
Application
programs
CAD
Matlab
mathcad
Database
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Access
Spreadsheet Excel, lotus 123
word
processing Word, word
perfect
DOS and its commands
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Microsoft Disc Operating System (MSDOS)
MKDIR - make directory command
RMDIR - remove directory command
COPY
MOVE
DEL - delete file
EDIT - basic word processor
QBASIC - programming language
Looking after your disk space
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Creating directories or folders structure
looking after disks
– virus
– physical problems
Organising files
C:\
Root Directory
Games
(Folder)
WordProc
Personal Subdirectories
(Subfolder)
Diary
University Files
DataBase
CDs
BBCards
Recipes
Drawing
Photos
Your file space:
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You have space allocated on the
universities computer
log on - student number (less last
number) + pin e.g. q1234567 ****
\\home\last 2 digits of log on\ student
number (less last number) \
e.g.\\home\67\q1234567\…..
Design your own directory structure
Readings/further study
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Reading 2.1 from E0001 Selected
Readings Book
Shelley, Cashman et el
– 1999/2000 pp 8.1 - 8.21; 1.1 - 1.34; 2.1 - 2.4
– 1997 pp8.1 - 8.19; 1.1 - 1.20; 2.1 - 2.4
– 1995 pp 1.4 - 1.19; 4.3; 8.1 - 8.16
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Meyer and Baber
– 1995 pp1.2 - 1.26; 2.1 - 2.76
– 1997 pp 2- 14; 19-25; 65-68; 73-77;86-113
Tasks to complete for next lecture
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Read Module 1 and 2 of Study Book and
the listed readings
look at unit web site in particular the unit
specifications
bring to first practical your student number
and you PIN (password)
register for an e-mail account
practicals/tutorials will not run first week
see me if you have any hassles
Why are you studying this unit
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List three reasons why you believe this
unit will be of use to you in your career
or why it is included in your course
these will be collected in your first
tutorial
E0001 Computers in Engineering
“The Computer”
Input and Output Devices
Module 4
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Categories of computers
– define 5 major categories of computers
and how they are classified
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Information Processing Cycle
Input devices
Output devices
Categories of Computers
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five main categories
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microcomputer (personal computer; PC)
server
minicomputer
mainframe
supercomputer
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Microcomputers
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most widely used and fastest growing
type of computer
two types
– desk-top e.g. PC, workstation
– portable
• laptops
• notebooks
Minicomputers
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midway in cost and capability between
microcomputers and mainframes
serve medium-sized companies or
specialised departments e.g. CAD/CAM
used as single workstations or a system
serving many terminals
Hence server - central computer holding
databases & programs for many PC’s
Server
Mainframes
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require specially wired and air
conditioned rooms
capable of great processing speeds and
data storage
used by large organisations to handle
millions of transactions
Supercomputers
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high capacity machines
used to model complex phenomena
– oil exploration, simulations, worldwide
weather forecasting
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two designs
– vector processors - a few (1-16) large
specialised processors run calculations at
high speeds
– massively parallel processors (MPP) spreads calculations over hundreds or
thousands of standard microprocessors
Define a Computer
“Computers are:electronic devices that can follow
instructions to accept input, process that
input (data) and produce information.”
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– electronic devices
– process
– data vs information
Computer Components
computers composed of:
 input devices
 system unit
 output devices
 secondary storage devices
Information Processing Cycle IPOS
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I - Input
P - Processing
O - Output
S - Storage
INPUT
PROCESSING
STORAGE
OUTPUT
Categories of Computers
six main categories
embedded computer
microcomputer (personal computer; PC)
server
minicomputer
mainframe
supercomputer
Defined by processing speed and number of
users
Input to the Computer
Input devices transmit the data and instructions to the computer
in a form which the processor can understand
 two main types
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– keyboard entry
keyboards
terminals
direct entry
pointing devices
scanning devices
voice input devices
sensors
Output devices
Output devices put the processed data
into a form that can be used by people
or stored in “computer useable form”
 monitors
 printers
 plotters
 voice output
 “control” output
Readings
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Shelly Cashman..
– 1995:- p 1.7 - 1.13; p 3.1 - 3.2; p 5.1 - 5.25
– 1997-2000:- chapter 4 and 5
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Computers in Your Future by Meyer
– 1995:- Unit 1B - p18 - 28; Unit 2A - p50 64; Unit 2C - p 86 - 102
– 1997:- 2.42 to 2.76
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Selected Readings 4.1
Module 4 of Study Book
Key points
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explain the difference between
keyboard and direct entry devices
describe
– features of keyboards and the three types
of terminals
– direct entry devices
– monitors and monitor standards
– printers and plotters and voice output
devices
Things to do
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list types of monitors, pixel sizes and
number of colours
list the 4 major types of printers, their
characteristics and typical uses
difference between laptops and
notebooks