Transcript A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, 5e

A+ Guide to Managing
and Maintaining Your PC
Fifth Edition
Chapter 13
Understanding and
Installing Windows 2000
and Windows NT
You Will Learn…

About Windows NT/2000/XP architecture

How to install Windows 2000 Professional

How to install hardware and applications with
Windows 2000

How to install and support Windows NT
Workstation
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Windows NT/2000/XP
Architecture
Introduced a new file system – NTFS – that is
also used by Windows 2000/XP
Windows 2000  Culmination of evolution of Microsoft OSs
from 16-bit DOS OS to a true 32-bit, moduleoriented OS
 Includes four operating systems (Windows
2000 Professional, Windows 2000 Server,
Windows 2000 Advanced Server, and
Windows 2000 Datacenter Server)
Windows XP  Additional support for multimedia, PnP, and
legacy software
Windows NT

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Windows NT/2000/XP Modes
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User Mode

Processor mode in which programs:

Have only limited access to system information

Can access hardware only through other OS
services

Used by several subsystems

Windows tools run primarily in user mode

Applications relate by way of the Win32
subsystem
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Programs Interacting with
Subsystems
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Kernel Mode

Processor mode in which programs have
extensive access to system information and
hardware

Used by two main components

HAL (hardware abstraction layer)

Executive services
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Networking Features

Workgroups

Domains

Native mode and mixed mode
(Windows 2000)

Active Directory (Windows 2000)
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Workgroups

Logical groups of computers and users that
share resources


Each computer maintains a list of users and their
rights on that particular PC
Use peer-to-peer networking model
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A Windows Workgroup
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Domains

Groups of networked computers that share a
centralized directory database of user account
information and security

Use client/server model

Have a domain controller which stores and
controls the SAM database (user, group, and
computer accounts)
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A Windows Domain
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Windows NT/2000/XP Logon

Default administrator account

Has the most privileges and rights

Can create user accounts and assign them rights
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How Windows NT/2000/XP
Manages Hard Drives
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A Choice of File Systems
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A Choice of File Systems
(continued)


FAT uses three components to manage data on
a logical drive

FAT

Directories

Data files
NTFS uses a database called the master file
table (MFT) as its core component
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Master File Table (MFT)
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Advantages of NTFS over FAT

Recoverable

Supports encryption and disk quotas (Windows
2000/XP only)

Supports compression, mirroring drives, and
large volume drives

Provides added security when booting from
floppy disks

Uses smaller cluster sizes
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Advantages of FAT over NTFS

Less overhead; best for hard drives < 500 MB

Backward-compatibility with Windows 9x and
DOS OSs

Allows booting from a DOS or Windows 9x
startup disk to access the drive
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Installing Windows 2000
Professional

Clean install

Overwrites all information from previous OS
installations

Upgrade installation

Can be installed to be dual-booted with
another OS
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Planning the Installation

Verify minimum requirements

At least 650 MB free space on hard drive

At least 64 MB of RAM

133-MHz Pentium-compatible CPU or higher

Select file system (NTFS, FAT16, or FAT32)

Use the Microsoft Web site to verify
components for Windows 2000: computer,
peripheral hardware devices, and software
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Installing Windows 2000 on
Networked Computers

Consider where Windows 2000 installation
files are stored



Convenience of putting them in the \i386 directory
on a file server (distribution server)
Options for installation

Unattended installation

Drive imaging (disk cloning)
Know how to configure to access the network
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Upgrade or Clean Install?

Clean install, erasing existing installations



Upgrading existing operating system



Fresh start
Must reinstall applications software and restore
data from backups
Applications, data, most OS settings are carried
forward
Installation is faster
Creating a dual boot

Not recommended between Windows 2000 and
Windows NT
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Planning an Upgrade from
Windows 9x to Windows 2000

Considerations

Registries are incompatible

Run Check Upgrade Only mode of Windows 2000
Setup to check for compatibility
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Planning an Upgrade from
Windows 9x to Windows 2000
(continued)

Hardware compatibility

Windows 2000 does not import drivers from
Windows 9x

Windows 2000 deletes all Windows 9x system
files and replaces them with Windows 2000 system
files
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Planning an Upgrade from
Windows 9x to Windows 2000
(continued)

Software compatibility

Windows 9x applications store registry data
differently and may rely on APIs specific to
Windows 9x
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Planning an Upgrade from
Windows NT to Windows 2000

Considerations

If using NTFS, Setup automatically upgrades to
Windows 2000 version of NTFS

If using FAT16 or Windows NT with third-party
software that allows Windows NT to use FAT32,
Setup asks whether you want to upgrade to NTFS
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Planning an Upgrade from
Windows NT to Windows 2000
(continued)

Hardware compatibility

Most hardware and drivers will work

Check HCL on the Microsoft Web site or run
Check Upgrade Only mode of Setup
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Planning an Upgrade from
Windows NT to Windows 2000
(continued)

Software compatibility

Nearly all applications will run with some
exceptions
•
•
•
•
Antivirus software and third-party network software
Some disk management tools
Custom tools for power management
Custom solutions that are workarounds for
Windows NT not supporting PnP
• Software to monitor and control a UPS
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Steps to Install Windows 2000

Use Winnt.exe or Winnt32.exe, both located in
the \i386 directory

Access CMOS setup and verify settings
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Clean Installation


If PC is capable of booting from a CD

Insert the CD and turn on the PC

Setup Wizard appears
If PC does not boot from a CD and you have a
clean, empty hard drive

Create a set of Windows 2000 setup disks to boot
the PC and to begin installation

Remaining installation is done from the CD
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Clean Install When Hard Drive
Has an OS Installed

Process if you use Windows 9x and the PC
automatically detects a CD in the CD-ROM
drive

Process if the PC does not automatically
recognize a CD
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Upgrade Installation

Prepare for installation

Verify that all devices and applications are
Windows 2000-compatible

Scan memory and hard drive for viruses

Back up critical system files and data files

Close all applications and disable virus-scanning
software; decompress hard drive (if compressed)
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Upgrade Installation (continued)

Perform the upgrade

Insert CD; Setup Wizard runs

Report phase

Setup phase
• Text mode
• GUI mode
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After Installation: Backing Up
the System State





Download and install all OS service packs,
updates, and patches
Verify that all hardware works and install
additional devices
Create user accounts
Install additional Windows components and
applications
Verify that the system functions properly and
backup the system state
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Installing Hardware and
Applications Under Windows
2000

Add New Hardware Wizard automatically
launches when new hardware is detected

Software is best installed from Add/Remove
Programs icon of Control Panel
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Installing Hardware
If device is PnP:
If device is not PnP:
Windows automatically:
 Identifies the device
 Determines and assigns
system resources
 Configures the device
 Loads device drivers
 Informs system of
configuration changes

Use Add/Remove Hardware
applet in Control Panel
(administrative privileges
required)
 May need to update device
driver
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Updating a Device Driver
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Installing Applications

Windows 2000 Add/Remove Programs utility
looks different and provides more options:

Change or remove presently installed programs

Add new programs from CD, floppy disk, or from
Microsoft over the Internet

Add or remove Windows components
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Installing Applications (continued)
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Supporting Windows NT

Different ways to install Windows NT

Troubleshooting the Windows NT boot process
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Installing Windows NT as the
Only OS

Installation files are stored in the \i386
directory on CD-ROM drive

If hard drive has no OS, boot from three start
up disks; installation continues from CD

To perform an upgrade to Windows NT:

Boot the OS

Execute Winnt.exe on the Windows NT CD
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Troubleshooting the
Windows NT Boot Process




If Windows NT boot loader menu appears, use
Last Know Good configuration
If unable to boot from hard drive, use three
boot disks; select option “To repair a damaged
Windows NT version 4.0 installation”
Try reinstalling Windows NT in its current
folder; tell Setup it is an upgrade
Move hard drive to another system that runs
Windows NT (last resort if using NTFS)
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Last Known Good Configuration

A copy of hardware configuration from the
registry that is saved by the OS each time it
boots and the first logon is made with no errors

Contained in the registry key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE

Reverting to it causes loss of any changes
made to hardware configuration since Last
Known Good was saved
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Windows NT Boot Disks

Three disks required to hold enough of
Windows NT to boot

Format a disk using Windows NT Explorer
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Creating Windows NT Boot
Disks
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The Windows NT Emergency
Repair Disk (ERD)




Contains information unique to the OS and
hard drive
Can be used to fix a problem with the OS
Enables restoration of Windows registry on the
hard drive, which contains all configuration
information for Windows
Also includes information used to build a
command window to run DOS-like commands
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Files on the ERD
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Using Boot Disks and the ERD
to Recover from a Failed Boot

Boot disks to boot Windows NT

ERD to recover critical system files on hard
drive
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Using Boot Disks and the ERD
to Recover from a Failed Boot
(continued)
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Summary

Windows NT/2000/XP share the same basic
architecture and have similar characteristics

How to install Windows 2000 Professional

How to install hardware and software under
Windows 2000

Windows NT installation and support
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