Transcript Oracle On Linux

Mark E. Fuller
Senior Principal
Instructor
Oracle University
Oracle Corporation
Oracle and Linux
A Winning Combination RAC and Linux
Oracle9i Real Application
Clusters
 Database with instances on separate nodes
 Physical or logical access to each database
file
 Software controlled data access
Nodes
Database
Why Implement RAC?
 Enables systems to scale up by increasing
throughput
 Increases performance by speeding up
database operations
 Provides higher availability
 Provides support for a greater number of
users
Oracle9i RAC Cache Fusion
100
Block
access
time
(milliseconds)
Without Cache Fusion
With
Cache
Fusion
20
1
0.01
Block in
Block in
local cache remote cache
Block
on disk
Why Choose Linux?
 Enterprise-class offerings for mission critical
systems
 Open and cost-effective solution
 Opportunity to reduce IT infrastructure costs
 Oracle Corporation provides direct technical
support of the operating system
Linux RAC Architecture
 Hardware
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Intel-based hardware
External shared SCSI or Fiber Channel disks
Interconnect by using NIC
 Operating system
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Red Hat 7.1 and Red Hat 2.1 Advanced Server
SuSE 7.2 and SuSE SLES7
UnitedLinux 1.0
Linux RAC Architecture
 Oracle software
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Oracle Cluster File System
Oracle Cluster Management System
Oracle9i Enterprise database
RAC on Linux Storage
 Storage options for RAC on Linux:
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Oracle Cluster File System (OCFS)
Raw devices named /dev/raw[1-255]
 Up to 255 raw devices can be addressed.
 The tool that is used to set up and query raw
devices is raw.
 Currently, Linux has no cluster file system.
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SuSE has a Logical Volume Manager (LVM).
Red Hat has no LVM.
Oracle Cluster File System
 Is a shared file system that is designed
specifically for Oracle RAC
 Eliminates the need for database files to be
linked to logical drives
 Volumes can span one shared disk or multiple
shared disks
 Guarantees consistency of metadata across
nodes in a cluster
OCFS Features
 Node-specific files and directories
 Unique cluster name integrity
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Allows a hardware cluster to be segregated into
logical software clusters
Simplifies storage area network management
 Automatic configuration of new nodes
Cluster Management on Linux
 oracm maintains both
node status view and
Oracle instance status
view.
 The hangcheck thread
driver monitors oracm and
reconciles with the
hangcheck-timer at
defined intervals.
 The timer resets the node
if a new thread is not
started within a specified
time.
Oracle Cluster
Management System
(OCMS)
Oracle instance
oracm
Hangcheck thread
driver
User mode
Kernel mode
Hangcheck-timer
Oracle Cluster Management
System
 OCMS consist of:
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Cluster Monitor (CM)
Node Monitor (NM)
Hangcheck-timer Module
 Binaries are located in:
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$ORACLE_HOME/ocms/bin
 Configuration files located in:
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$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/admin/cmcfg.ora
$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/admin/ocmargs.ora
The Hangcheck Timer
 Replaces the watchdog daemon in Oracle
9.2.0.2
 Is loaded as a kernel module
 Is specified by the KernelModuleName
parameter in the CMCFG.ORA file
 Already included in the Linux 2.5 Kernel
The Node Monitor (NM)
 Maintains a consistent view of the cluster, and
reports the node status to the cluster manager
 Uses a heartbeat mechanism
 Works with hangcheck-timer and acts
depending on the type of failure
 Is integrated into the cluster monitor process,
oracm, in Oracle 9.2.0.2
The Cluster Monitor (CM)
 Maintains the process-level cluster status.
 Accepts registration of Oracle instances to the
cluster and provides a consistent view of
Oracle instances.
 When an Oracle process that writes to the
shared disk quits abnormally, the CM on the
node detects it and takes appropriate action.
RAC/Linux Installation Outline
 Build hardware cluster and interconnect
 Install Linux
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Remove IBMJava2 Package
Add pdksh and ssh packages
 Prepare Operating System for OCFS,OCMS
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Kernel Parameters
Create oracle account and dba group
Create $ORACLE_HOME and /var/opt/oracle directories
Adjust login profile script for oracle account
RAC/Linux Installation Outline
 Download and install the following
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http://otn.oracle.com/tech/linux/content.html
 ocfs-support-1.0-1.i686.rpm
 ocfs-tools-1.0-1.i686.rpm
 ocfs-2.4.9-3typeversion.rpm
Start ocfstool gui and generate configuration
Create mount point for shared disk
Use fdisk to partition the shared disk
Start ocfstool gui and format shared disk from 1 node
only
RAC/Linux Installation Outline
 Load ocfs module and mount shared volume
 Use runInstaller to install OCMS 9.2.0.1
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Accept default watchdog parameter
It will be disabled later
 Download and install the hangcheck module
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http://otn.oracle.com/tech/linux/content.html
 Hangcheck-timer-2.4.9-e.3-0.4.0-2.i686.rpm
 Disable watchdog daemon from system
startup
RAC/Linux Installation Outline
 Update OCMS 9.2.0.1 to 9.2.0.2 with
runInstaller
 Automate OCFS and OCMS commands to
load and execute on system startup
 Setup rlogin and rsh facilities so the Universal
installer can complete work on both nodes
RAC/Linux Installation Outline
 Use runInstaller to install the Oracle 9.2.0.1
RDBMS
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Select Custom install
Select Oracle9i Real Application Clusters option
Select ‘The management server will use an
existing repository’
 Prevents installer from creating OMS repository
now
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Choose not to create a database at this time
Cancel Enterprise Manager configuration
RAC/Linux Installation Outline
 Update RDBMS 9.2.0.1 to 9.2.0.2 with
runInstaller
 Start gsd daemon with gsdctl utility
 Run DBCA to create cluster database
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Gsd must be running to succeed
Oracle University Related
Offerings
 Managing Oracle on Linux ( 3 days ILT )
 Oracle9i Real Application Clusters ( 3 days
ILT )
 Oracle9i Database: Real Application Clusters
on Linux ( 2 days ILT )
Oracle Database 10G RAC Complete, Integrated
 Complete Oracle cluster
Clusterware
software solution
 Single-vendor support
 Low Cost
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No need to purchase
additional software
Easy to install, manage
 High quality and functionality
across all platforms
 Common event and
management API’s
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Multi-tier HA & minimal
MTTR
 Support for third-party
clusterware
Services Framework
Cluster Control/Recovery
Messaging and Locking
Connectivity
Oracle Database 10G RAC Automatic Server
Provisioning
 Push-button add/drop server to cluster
 Hands-free allocation and re-allocation of
servers to services
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Automatic routing of service requests to
appropriate server with lowest load
On server failure, automatic re-allocation of
surviving servers to services
 Works across all platforms
Q U E S T I O N S
A N S W E R S