Transcript Software
Software Information Systems and Management Software Computer programs: A sequence of instructions for the computer. Systems Software The set of programs designed to coordinate the activities and functions of the hardware and various programs throughout the computer system. Applications Software Programs that help users solve their particular computer problems Systems Software • Operating Systems (OS) A set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware and acts as an interface with application programs • User Interface The element of the OS that allows individuals to access and command the computer system. • Graphical User Interface (GUI) Uses icon and menus to send commands Memory Management • Controls how memory is accessed • Virtual Memory – Allocate space on the hard drive to supplement primary memory capacity • Paging – Process of swapping programs or parts of programs between primary meory and the hard drive Capabilities • Multitasking – More than one task resident in PC primary memory • Time-Sharing – More than one person can use the computer at the same time • Scalability – The ability of the computer to handle an increasing number of concurrent users Computers and Humans • Computers • Humans – Fast – Slow – Accurate – Innacurate – dumb – Smart More Capability • Network Capability – Aids users in connecting to a network • Access to System Resources – User identification and passwords • File Management – Ensure files in secondary storage are available when needed – Ensures files are protected from unauthorized access Even More Capability • Virus detection • File compression • Spam and pop-up blockers • Middleware: software that allows different systems to communicate and transfer data back and forth Application Software Proprietary Software A one-of-a-kind program for a specific application, usually developed and owned by a single company Off-the-Shelf Software Existing software program that is purchased • Must meet 90% of functional requirements • Sports Jacket Personal Application Software • Software Suite – A collection of application programs packaged in a bundle • Workgroup Application Software – Software that supports teamwork even in multiple locations • Enterprise Application Software – ERP Programming Languages Sets of keywords, symbols, and a system of rules for constructing statements by which human can communicate instructions to be executed by a computer. The Evolution of Programming Languages 1. Machine Language – Consists of 1s and 0s – The only language computers understand 2. Assembly language – Substitutes mnemonics or macros for numeric code 3. Third Generation (Procedure Oriented) 4. Fourth Generation (Event based) 5. 5GL (Incorporates AI) Language Translation • Source Code • Object Code • Compiler • Interpreter Software Crisis • Excess Demand • Development Backlog • Hidden Backlog • Can 4GL’s Help • Why the Hesitation • No Standards • Erodes Organizational Power