Transcript A+ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Software 2e

A+ Guide to Software
Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting
THIRD EDITION
Chapter 6
Managing and
Troubleshooting
Windows 2000
You Will Learn…

About the Windows NT/2000/XP boot
process

How to troubleshoot the Windows 2000
boot process

How to use maintenance and
troubleshooting tools to support
Windows 2000
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Understanding the Windows
NT/2000/XP Boot Process
1.
BIOS executes POST
2.
BIOS executes the MBR program
3.
MBR program executes the OS boot
program
4.
Boot program executes Ntldr
5.
Ntldr changes the processor mode and
loads a file system
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Understanding the Windows
NT/2000/XP Boot Process
(continued)
6.
Ntldr reads and loads the boot loader
menu
7.
Ntldr uses Ntdetect.com
8.
Ntldr loads the OS and device drivers
9.
Ntldr passes control to Ntoskrnl.exe
10.
An operating system other than
Windows NT/2000/XP is chosen
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Files Needed to Boot Windows
NT/2000/XP Successfully
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Boot.ini file


[boot loader] section

Timeout

Default operating system
[operating system] section

Path to boot partition of each operating
system
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Boot.ini File (continued)

Entries


Multi (0) – use first IDE controller
Disk (0) – used only when booting from a
SCSI hard drive

Rdisk (0) – use first hard drive

Partition (1) – use first partition on the drive
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Changing the Boot.ini File
1.
Click Start, click Settings, click
Control Panel
2.
Double-click the System icon
3.
Click Advanced tab
4.
Click Startup and Recovery button
5.
Change settings as desired, click OK
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Troubleshooting the Boot Process

Try the simple things first

Determine at what point in the process
system fails

Use troubleshooting tools

Advanced Options menu

Recovery Console

Emergency repair disk
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Advanced Options Menu

Used to diagnose and fix problems
booting Windows 2000

Press F8 when starting Windows 2000
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Advanced Options Menu
(continued)
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Safe Mode
Boots the OS with a minimum
configuration, used for troubleshooting

Mouse

Keyboard

Basic video

Mass storage
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Safe Mode with Networking
Use this option when you are solving a
problem with booting and need access
to the network
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Safe Mode with Command
Prompt

Does not load a GUI desktop

Try this if Safe Mode does not load the
OS
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Enable Boot Logging

Windows 2000 loads normally

All files used during load process are
recorded to Ntbtlog.txt

Use this option to see what did and did
not load during boot process
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Enable VGA Mode

Loads very plain VGA video driver

Use this option when the video setting
does not allow you to see the screen well
enough to fix a bad setting


Corrupted video driver
Bad configuration, such as black font on a
black background
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Last Known Good Configuration

Use this option if the system is configured
incorrectly

Restores Windows 2000 to the settings of
the last successful logon

All system setting changes made after the
last successful logon are lost
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Directory Services Restore Mode
(Windows 2000 Domain
Controllers Only)

Applies only to Windows 2000 domain
controllers

Used as part of a process to recover
from a corrupted Active Directory
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Debugging Mode

Provides the opportunity to move system
logs from a failing system to another
computer for evaluation

Connection is made via serial port

See Windows 2000 Professional
Resource Kit for more information
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Recovery Console

Used when OS does not start properly or
hangs during the load

Allows repair of damaged registry, system
files, or file system on the hard drive

Does not use a GUI


Allows access to the FAT16, FAT32, and
NTFS file systems
Requires Administrator password
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Recovery Console (continued)
1.
Boot from the Windows 2000 CD or the
four startup disks
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Recovery Console (continued)
2.
Type C to select the “To repair a
Windows 2000 installation” option
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Recovery Console (continued)
3.
Press 1 and then press Enter to select
the installation of Windows
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Recovery Console (continued)
4.
Enter Administrator password and
press Enter
5.
You now have a command prompt

Type Exit to leave the Recovery Console
and start Windows 2000
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Using the Recovery Console to
Restore the Registry
Registry consists of five files, stored in
%SystemRoot\System32\Config folder

Default

Sam

Security

Software

System
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C:\WINNT\repair\RegBack
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Installing the Recovery Console
1.
Open a command window
2.
Change to the \i386 folder on the
Windows 2000 CD-ROM
3.
Enter winnt32 /cmdcons
4.
Restart computer
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Emergency Repair Process

Restores system to its state after the
Windows 2000 installation

All changes made to the registry since
installation are lost

Uses an Emergency Repair Disk (ERD)

Points to a folder on hard drive where
registry was backed up at installation
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Creating an ERD
Click Start, Programs, Accessories,
and System Tools, and then click
Backup
1.

Select Emergency Repair Disk
2.
If you check the box, system backs up the
registry
3.
Click OK to create disk
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Using an ERD to Restore
Boot PC from the four Windows 2000
setup disks
1.

Select R from the Setup menu
2.
Select R from the Windows 2000
Repair Options window
3.
Insert the Emergency Repair Disk and
follow the instructions
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Tools for Maintenance and
Troubleshooting

Backup tool

Windows 2000 Support Tools

Windows File Protection (WFP)

Computer Management

Disk Management

Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
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Tools for Maintenance and
Troubleshooting (continued)

Event Viewer

Performance monitoring and Optimization

Task Manager

System Monitor

Dr. Watson and Memory Dumps

Windows Update
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Using the Backup Tool to
Restore the System State
Click Start, Programs, Accessories,
System Tools, Backup, then click the
Restore tab
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Windows Support Tools


Active Directory
Administration Tool
Active Directory
Replication Monitor

Dependency Walker

DiskProbe

Global Flags Editor

Process Viewer

Security
Administration Tools

ADSI Edit

Application
Compatibility Tool

SNMP Query Utility
Command Prompt

Windiff

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Windows Support Tools (continued)
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Dependency Walker
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Windows File Protection (WFP)

Protects system files (.sys, .dll, .ttf, .fon,
.ocs, .exe) from modification

Two tools


Background process that notifies WFP
when a protected file is modified
SFC (System File Checker)
• Used during unattended installation
• Can be used manually from command prompt
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Switches for the Sfc.exe Utility
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Computer Management
Consolidates several administrative tools
used by the Administrator to:






Monitor problems with hardware, software,
security
Share folders
View device configurations
Add new device drivers
Start and stop services
Manage server applications
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Computer Management (continued)
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Disk Management

Found in Computer Management
console

Used to create partitions on basic disks
or volumes on dynamic disks and to
convert a basic disk to a dynamic disk

Replaces Fdisk utility found in older
Windows OSs
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Create a Volume on a
Dynamic Disk
1.
Right-click an unallocated area, select
Create Volume
2.
Click Next when Create Volume Wizard
launches
3.
Select volume type, click Next
4.
Specify size, file system, and allocation
unit size
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Create a Volume
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Select Volume Type
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Microsoft Management Console

Console


Combination of several administrative tools
into a single window (e.g., Computer
Management, Recovery Console)
Snap-ins

Individual tools within the console (e.g.,
Event Viewer, System Information)
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MMC Snap-ins
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MMC Snap-ins (continued)
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Creating a Customized Console
1.
2.
Click Start, click Run, enter MMC, click OK
Click Console, click Add/Remove Snap-in
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Adding a Snap-in to a Console
3.
4.
5.
Click Add, select Snap-in, click Add
Set parameters, click Finish
Click Close Add Standalone Snap-in window
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Saving a Customized Console
6.
7.
8.
Click Save As
Select location, name the file, click Save
Click Console, Click Exit
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Event Viewer

Logs




Application
Security
System
Events recorded in system and
application logs



Information events
Warning events
Error events
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Event Viewer (continued)
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Filter Events


Right-click a log, select Filter
Use these properties as criteria
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Log Properties
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Performance Monitoring and
Optimization
1.
Analyze data provided by monitoring
tools

Task Manager

System Monitor
2.
Determine areas in which performance
is below baseline
3.
Identify and take steps to correct the
problem
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Principles for Optimizing
Performance

Establish a baseline of acceptable
performance

If you add RAM, increase size of paging
file

May need to upgrade more than one
component
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Principles for Optimizing
Performance (continued)

Applications are assigned priority level,
which determines position in queue for
CPU resources

Upgrading an existing PC is
recommended if the cost is less than half
of a new system
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Task Manager

Applications and processes that are
running on the computer

Performance information for the
processor and memory
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Accessing Task Manager

Press Ctrl+Alt+Del, click Task Manager
from the Windows Security window

Right-click a blank area on the Taskbar,
select Task Manager

Press Ctrl+Shift+Esc
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Task Manager Applications Tab
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Task Manager Performance Tab
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Task Manager Performance Tab
(continued)

Totals frame

Physical Memory frame

Commit Charge frame

Kernel Memory frame
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System Monitor

Provides more system performance
details than Task Manager

Components

Objects (e.g., Memory, Paging File,
Processor, Physical Disk)

Instances

Counters
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Adding a Counter
1.
2.
3.
Double-click Administrative Tools
Double-click Performance icon
Right-click the pane and select Add Counters
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Selecting an Object and Counters
4.
5.
6.
Select the desired object
Locate desired counter, click Add
Click Close
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Viewing Counters
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Dr. Watson and Memory Dumps

Dr. Watson


Debugs errors in applications by recording
error events to Drwatson32.log file
Memory dump


Saves contents of memory at the time an
error halts the system
Dump file is created in the event of a stop
error
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Windows Update


Uses Microsoft Web site to download
patches and fixes to Microsoft OSs and
applications
Uses ActiveX controls

Scans system

Finds device drivers and system files


Compare these files to the ones on the
Windows Update server
Offers to download new versions
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Other Important Sources

Microsoft Web site at
http://support.microsoft.com

Windows 2000 Professional Resource Kit
(Microsoft Press)

CD contains additional Windows 2000 utilities
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Summary

The Windows NT/2000/XP boot process

Troubleshooting the Windows 2000 boot
process

Using maintenance and troubleshooting
tools to support Windows 2000
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Lab Work

Chapter 14 of your lab book deals with the
tools we have discussed above that are used
to support and troubleshoot Windows 2000.

There are five labs in chapter 14

Complete three of these five labs.

Turn in a document that specifies which three
labs you did together with a brief writeup of the
lab explaining what you did.
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