Transcript A+ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Software

A+ Guide to Software
Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting
THIRD EDITION
Chapter 1
Introducing and
Comparing
Operating Systems
You Will Learn…




What an operating system does
How DOS began and how it is used
today
About the various Windows operating
systems and the differences between
them
Advantages and disadvantages of
common non-Windows operating
systems
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What an Operating System
Does

Controls hardware components that
make up a computer
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Acts as a middleman between
applications and hardware
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Provides an interface that a user or
application can use
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How an OS Relates to Users,
Applications, and Hardware
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Common Operating Systems
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DOS
Windows 9x
Windows NT, Windows 2000, and
Windows XP
UNIX
Linux
OS/2
Mac OS
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Four Main Functions of an
Operating System

Managing hardware
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Managing files
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Providing a user interface
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Managing applications
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Operating System Functions
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Managing hardware
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Managing the BIOS
Managing memory
Diagnosing problems with software and
hardware
Interfacing between hardware and software
Managing files
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On hard, floppy, CD-ROM, and other drives
Creating, storing, retrieving, deleting, and
moving files
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Operating System Functions
(continued)
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Providing a user interface
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Performing housekeeping procedures
requested by users
Providing a way for a user to manage the
desktop, hardware, applications, and data
Managing applications
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Installing and uninstalling applications
Running applications and managing the
interface to hardware on behalf of an
application
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Operating System Components
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Two main components
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Shell
• Relates to user and applications
• Provides command, menu, or icon interface to
user using various interface tools (e.g.,
Windows Explorer, Control Panel, or My
Computer)

Kernel
• Interacts with hardware
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Operating System Components
(continued)
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How an OS Relates to Users
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Command-driven interfaces
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Menu-driven interfaces
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User types commands
User chooses from list of options
Icon-driven interfaces (GUI or graphical
user interface)
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User selects icon (picture) on the screen
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A Command-Driven Interface
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A Menu-Driven Interface
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An Icon-Driven Interface
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Terminology for Comparing OSs
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Thread
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Process that a CPU is aware of
16-bit (real) mode
32-bit (protected) mode
FAT (file allocation table) and FAT32
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Tracks
Sectors
Clusters
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Tracks, Sectors, and Clusters
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Terminology for Comparing OSs
(continued)
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Random access memory (RAM)
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Temporary memory stored on chips inside
computer
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Place to store programs and data
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Contents disappear when computer is off
Several ports to connect different devices
(e.g., keyboard, mouse, printer)
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Types of RAM Modules
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Comparing Operating Systems
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What kind of user interface does it provide?
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How many and what kinds of applications are
written to work with it?
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What are hardware requirements for efficient
use?
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What computer ports and other hardware
devices and features does it support?
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How does the OS perform in a network?
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DOS (Disk Operating System)
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First OS used by IBM microcomputers
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Simple and reliable
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Primary use today is as troubleshooting tool
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Used in some proprietary systems where
older hardware and software are still doing
the job
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Provides underlying OS for Windows 9x
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DOS (Disk Operating System)
(continued)
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DOS (Disk Operating System)
(continued)
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Windows Operating Systems
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Windows 9x
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Windows NT
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Windows 2000
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Windows XP
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Windows 9x
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Collective term for Windows 95,
Windows 98, and Windows Me
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Retains fundamental DOS core
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Plug and Play (PnP)
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Introduced 32-bit programming
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Backward-compatible with older
software and hardware while taking
advantage of new technology
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How Windows 9x Differs from
Windows 3.x and DOS
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A Windows 9x Interface
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Windows 9x Hardware
Requirements
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Advantages and Disadvantages
of Windows 9x
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Windows 98 Upgrades
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Windows 98 Second Edition
(Windows 98 SE)
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Windows Millennium Edition
(Windows Me)
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Windows 98 SE
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Includes:
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Several patches for the first edition
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Updates of existing components
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Some new components
Most features involve improved
networking and Internet access
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Internet Connection Sharing (ICS)
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Support for modems that use a USB port
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Windows Me
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Moves one step closer to phasing out
Windows 9x and replacing it with
Windows XP
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Designed for home users
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Focuses on enhancements to
multimedia features
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Includes compression utility for video
files and a video editor
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Windows NT/2000/XP
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Designed to replace Windows 9x
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Versions of Windows NT and Windows
2000 are designed as server OSs
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Competes with UNIX in client/server
industry
Windows NT and Windows 2000 can
manage LAN access
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Competes with Novell NetWare in LAN
market
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Goals of Windows NT/2000/XP
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Eliminate the DOS Core Used by
Windows 9x
Room to Grow
Portability to Different Platforms
Compatibility with Legacy Software
Security
Performance and Reliability
Support for Hardware
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Checking the HCL
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Choosing Between Windows 9x
and Windows NT/2000/XP
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In most situations, you should install
Windows XP on a PC
Windows 9x or Windows Me might be
appropriate if:
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You have legacy hardware not supported by
Windows NT/2000/XP
Your PC is not powerful enough to support
Windows NT/2000/XP
Your software runs better on Windows 9x
than it does under Windows XP
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Choosing Between Windows 9x
and Windows NT/2000/XP
(continued)
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Windows NT
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First step in major evolution of Microsoft
Windows terminating in Windows XP
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Supports multiprocessing
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Designed for a powerful client-server
network environment
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Windows NT Workstation is designed to run
on clients
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Windows NT Server is designed to run on
servers
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Windows NT (continued)
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Difficult to install and support
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Most organizations that used Windows
NT have upgraded to Windows 2000 or
Windows XP
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Advantages and Disadvantages
of Windows NT
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Minimum Hardware
Requirements for Windows NT
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Pentium-compatible processor or higher
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16 MB of RAM (32 MB recommended)
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125 MB of hard disk space
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Hardware Platforms Supported
by Windows NT
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Intel x86-based (486 or higher)
processor
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MIPS R4x00-based processor
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Alpha AXP-based processor
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PReP-compliant PowerPC-based
processor
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Windows 2000
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Windows 2000 is a suite of operating
systems, each designed for a different
sized system
The Windows 2000 desktop resembles
that of Windows 9x and Windows NT
Built on Windows NT
Designed to replace Windows 9x for
low-end system and Windows NT for
high-end systems
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Windows 2000 (continued)
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Windows 2000 (continued)
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All versions have same fundamental
core and execute programs in same
manner
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Windows 2000 Professional
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Windows 2000 Server
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Windows 2000 Advanced Server
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Windows 2000 Datacenter Server
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Hardware and Software
Supported by Windows 2000
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See the hardware compatibility list (HCL) at
www.microsoft.com/whdc/hcl/search.mspx
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Search the list of compatible software at
www.microsoft.com/windows2000/server/how
tobuy/upgrading/compat/search/software.asp
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Hardware Supported by Windows
2000
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Advantages of Windows 2000
versus Windows NT
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Reliability
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Security
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Personalized Start Menu
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Power Use
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Improved Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface (ACPI) features
Added Notebook Computer Features
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Personalized Start Menu
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Windows 2000 Control Panel
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Power Use
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Added Notebook Computer
Features
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Offline Files and Folders allows the user to
work offline on network files
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A notebook user can connect from home
to a corporate network over an Internet
connection secured by encryption
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Power management features are
enhanced and improved over those of
Windows 98
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Advantages and Disadvantages
of Windows 2000
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Windows XP
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Attempts to accomplish integration
of Windows 9x and Windows 2000
while providing added support for
digital and networking technologies
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Versions of Windows XP
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Two main versions
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Windows XP Home
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Windows XP Professional
Other Versions
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Windows XP Media Center Edition
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Windows XP Tablet PC Edition
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Windows XP 64-bit Edition
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Features of Windows XP
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New user interface
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Ability for two users to log on
simultaneously
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Windows Media Player for Windows XP
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Windows Messenger
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Expanded Help
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Advanced security features
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Windows XP Desktop
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Features of Windows XP
Professional
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Features for remote access
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Remote desktop
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Roaming user profiles
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Additional security features
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Multilingual capabilities
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Support for higher-performance
processors
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Minimum Requirements for
Windows XP
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64 MB or RAM (128 MB recommended)
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1.5 GB free hard drive space
(2 GB recommended)
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CPU that runs at least 233 MHz
(300 MHz recommended)
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Advantages and Disadvantages
of Windows XP
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Windows XP and Previous
Windows OSs
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Windows XP is replacing all previous
versions of Windows in the home
market and for the corporate desktop
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Other Operating Systems
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UNIX
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Linux
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OS/2
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Macintosh Operating System (Mac OS)
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UNIX
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Linux
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GUI Shell for UNIX and Linux
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OS/2
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Mac OS
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Mac OS (continued)
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Summary

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Introduction to different operating
systems and what they have in
common
What an operating system does and
how it relates to the user
The evolution from DOS to Windows
9x and to Windows NT/2000/XP
Alternate OSs (UNIX, Linux, OS/2, Mac
OS)
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