Transcript Information Systems

Information Systems
Lecture 10,11,12
IT Fundamentals
MBA (II) 4th Semester
Farhan Mir
Lectures Administration
• IT Fundamentals
– Hardware & Software
– Telecommunication
– Databases
• Case Studies finalization
• Assignment 2
IT Fundamentals
• IS Decomposition
– Information
• Information Management (for example: policy making)
– Technical components
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Hardware Fundamentals
Software Fundamentals
Database Management
Telecommunications
• Why we are studying these fundamentals?
– These constitute the technical composition of the
systems
– IS Cost resides majorly in this part
– The need for the “Hottest Technology Available”(Need
for Awareness)
Glimpse of few Decisions
• Technology
– Latest Hardwares (Input, Output, Processing)
– Updation of Legacy Hardwares (Maintenance
Problems)
– Size/Capacity/Speed issues
• Software
– In-house Development
• System Requirement through Analysis
• Development Process
• Implementation & Feedback
VS
– Buying Option
• Cost/Benefit Analysis
• System Needs
• Implementation and Feedback
– Coordination & Communication issues
Glimpses of few Decisions
• Broader Decisions
– IT Application analysis (where we need IT applications
in Business)
– Quantitative Assessment in context of cost/benefit
analysis
– Business Approvals for Investment
– Training
– User Interface
– Change Management
– Database (Size and usage issues)
Hardware Fundamentals
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Background
Input Devices
Processing
Output Devices
Storage Media
Networking Hardware
Management Issues
Background
• Traditional Computing Environment
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Large Vs small organizational computing
Mainframes
Mini
PC environment
Networking Needs
• Technological Advancements
– Awareness
– Affordable cost
– Availability
Hardware Fundamentals
• Input Devices
– From Traditional keyboard entry to automated input
– Graphics & Ease
– Development of new enhanced input procedures
• Processing
– Speed & Capacity (parallel processing)
• Output Devices
– Output needs
– Daily life pervasiveness
– Organizational communication channel (& Marketing
aspects)
• Storage….Networking….
Contemporary Hardware Issues
• IT portfolio analysis (Heavy Investment)
• Maintenance
– Backup
– Disaster Recovery
• Compatibility
• Future Planning
– Technological Advancement
– Cost Vs. Quality question
Software Fundamentals
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System Software
Application Software
Software Engineering & Tools
Trends regarding software
Management Concerns
System Software
• Operating System
– Microcomputer OS
• DOS
• Windows
• Unix
(GUI, Common User Access)
– Networking OS
• Netware
– Large Scale OS
• Multiprocessing
• Multitasking
• Other Important Software
– System Management Software
• System utilities
• Language Translators
Application Software
• General Application
– Word Processing
– Spreadsheets
– File Managers
• Special Purpose Software
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TP
Scheduling
Analysis & Decision Making
Presentation
Communication
Training
Programming
• From low level to 4GLs
Management Issues
• Application Backlogs
– Different Applications build in different languages
– Lengthy Development processes
– System Development requires commitments, time,
patience
• Make
– System Requirement
– User Interface
– User Involvement
Vs.
• Buy
– Availability of Built-in applications
– Cost Vs. Quality Issues
– Organization Wide Systems reducing compatibility
issues
– Contract Management through Outsourcing
References
• Charles Parker, Thomas Case. (2000). “Management Information
Systems: Action & Strategy”. (2nd Ed). Chapter 5,6
• Kenneth C. Laudon & Jane P. Laudon (2001). “Management
Information Systems: Managing a Digital Firm”.(7th Ed). Chapter
5,6
• James O’Brien. (1998). “Introduction to Information Systems: A
Networked Enterprise Perspective”. (2nd Ed). Chapter 2,3