Transcript Chpt 1 * Times of Change

Chpt 1 – Times of Change
SS8 – Brotto
2015-2016
Unit 1: Renaissance Europe
Chapter 1: Times of Change
Vocabulary
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Feudalism
Hierarchy
Allegiance
Manors
Freeman
Serfs
Monastery
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Journeyman
Sumptuary Laws
Black Death
Noble
Tithe
Guilds
Monastic
Renaissance
The “Dark Ages”
• Medieval Europe – AKA the Middle Ages –
AKA the Dark Ages
• Called the Dark Ages due to poverty, illness,
lack of education, and hardships
– However, while in Europe we see the
transformation from the Dark Ages to the
Renaissance, the whole world was not “in the
dark”
• North Africa, Middle East, China, India
Middle Ages
(5th- 15th Century)
• During the Middle Ages, much of European society was
organized in a system called Feudalism.
• Feudalism was:
– Hierarchy where people were ranked one above the other
according to their importance
– People were born into a level and expected to stay that
level for their entire lives
– Feudalism was based on land, loyalty and duty
– Nobles or Knights swore oaths of allegiance to the King
and promised to fight for him in exchange for land
– Church owned land and therefore was very powerful and
important to medieval people
Why Feudalism?
• Middle ages began with fall of the Holy Roman
Empire (476)
– Attacks by Barbarians (Mongols, Vikings, etc.)
– No longer safety of Empire
– War between newly broken up countries
• What had the HRE provided? Safety in
numbers…same purpose of Feudal System
– The Lord of the Manor would protect those
working on his land, in exchange for labour
– Castles
Medieval Country Life
• Most people in the Middle Ages were peasants
– Peasants were assigned strips of land to harvest
– They lived in rural villages on a manor (piece of land)
– In exchange for the use of the land, the peasants turn over
a portion of what they produced to noble or Knight (the
lord of the manor)
– Expected to build roads, clear forests and do other work
the lord ordered
– Men, women and children worked from sunrise to sunset
– Peasants were illiterate and uneducated
– Some peasants were Freemen – rented or worked land for
pay
– Most were Serfs – Not allowed to leave land
The Manorial System (Feudalism)
Pros
Cons
Town Life
• Most medieval towns were centres for farm
communities
– Generally close to a castle or monastery
– Stone walls often were built around the town to
protect it from rival cities and lords
– Towns were dirty, crowded and rat-infested but they
offered freedom
– People had the freedom to marry who they wished
and make money as they could
– A peasant could open a shop and unskilled peasants
could learn a trade
• Cooperative organizations = Guilds
Guilds
• Production of goods and trade in towns was
organized by cooperative organizations called
“guilds.”
– Controlled price, set standards of quality and
decided who could train or apprentice
– Children as young as 8 or 9 would go live with a
master and learn a trade
– Would take care of member/family in case of
illness or accident
APPRENTICE  JOURNEYMAN  MASTER
On your own…
• Turn to page 23 in your textbook
• Read “Zoom In: What was the role of women
in medieval society?”
• Write your own notes for the section, based
on the information you read
– ONLY key information
– POINT FORM
– DO NOT copy word-for-word
Challenges to the Feudal System
• The Feudal System lasted for hundreds of years but eventually began to
weaken and finally disappeared altogether
– In 1337 = the start of the “Hundred Years War” between England and
France
• peasants in both countries revolted because of high rents and
taxes they had to pay to finance the war
– The Black Death saw the death of millions between 1346 and 1350
• Outbreaks continued for the next several hundred years = severe
labour shortages and many feudal estates and manors went
bankrupt
• Nobles began to rent or sell land to serfs who were released from
their obligations to the lord.
– The bonds that held feudal society together eventually came undone
• Peasants had some options, they could stay and work or move to
the towns
Time and Money
• As towns grew and life on the manor changed,
money came into use more and people began
to think of time differently
– On medieval manors people activities were ruled
by the sun and seasons and knowing the exact
time did not matter
– As shop keepers and merchants in towns became
more dependent on time clocks were developed
Wealth in Society
• With the rise of towns society became less
rigid
– By acquiring wealth and skills people had
opportunity to move from one social level to
another and a new social structure began to
emerge
– A new middle class emerged based on money
rather than ownership of land and they were
eager to buy goods and people became more
interested in material possessions.
• People in medieval times were not travellers.
Most families lived in the same area for many
generations.
– Describe how this might affect someone’s
worldview.
– How do you think travelling to a new community
might affect your worldview today?
– How does communication technology affect
someone’s worldview today?
• Create groups of 6 people
• Create three Venn Diagrams:
– One that compares and contrasts rural and urban
life during medieval times.(2 group members)
– One that compares and contrasts rural life during
medieval time and modern times.( 2 group
members)
– On that compares and contrasts urban life during
medieval times and modern times.(2 group
members)
• Share and Discuss within your groups
A Religious Society
• What happens when an epidemic like the Black Death
breaks out?
– We turn to medical experts and try to stop it from
spreading
– Scientists try to find causes and cures
• Things were much different at the beginning of the
Renaissance
– No one knew how to treat it
– Many thought the plague had been sent by God as a
punishment
– When prayers and visits to Holy sites did not work, some
people began to question their faith
• Becoming more critical of the Church was a step of change that
would lead to the Renaissance
• At this time, religion was a central part of
people’s daily lives.
– The worldview of the people in Western Europe
was shaped by the Christian Church
– Life in Medieval times was hard: sickness, famine
and war were a constant threat.
• As a result, the hope for a better life after death was
very important
• People believed that with the help of the church they
would be able to reach heaven after they died.
The Church Community
• Every group in the Church hierarchy had a
duty to be obedient to the group above and
provide certain services to the group below.
– Priest performed religious services for members of
their congregation.
– Members of the congregation had a duty to obey
the rules of the Church and pay him a tithe (a
portion of their crops or earnings).
The Monastic Life
• Many people during this time period would
decide to devote their entire life to God
– Men became monks and women became nuns
– They spent their lives studying religious texts, praying
and working for the church, educating children and
caring for the sick/hungry
• Many monks/nuns died as a result of caring for
the victims of the Plague
• Since monks/nuns were well educated,
monasteries became centres of learning
– Copying of religious texts and ancient Latin/Greek
manuscripts greatly contributed to the Renaissance