Transcript Middle Ages(PART III)

(ACTIVITY II)
 Feudalism was a social, political, and Economic
system, that dominated all aspects of the Medieval life.
 It is the Economic portion of the Feudalism was
centered around the Lord’s estates or manor.
 Spiritual: Religion was a central part of life for medieval
people from baptism to marriage.
 Secular: In addition to being the social center of the village,
the church had economic power and political power. The
Church was the largest landholder, gained wealth through
tithing and had its own laws and courts which frequently
clashed with King’s authority.
 REASON OF THE CRUSADES:
 The Pope wanted to increase his power
 Christians believed it was their duty to recover the Holy Land
 Nobles wanted to gain wealth.
 Adventurers sought travel and excitement
 Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression
 IMPACTS OF THE CRUSADES:
 A major results of the Crusades, include Cultural Diffusion and an
increase in trade. European interest in goods from the east was
stimulated by returning Crusaders who brought back many things.
As the Crusades ended, ships that were once used to carry soldiers to
the Middle East, now carried trade goods. Merchants from rich
Italian city states, such as Venice and Florence, dominated this
trade.
 Along the trade routes, trade fairs were established in
towns with larger populations, or at major
crossroads. Merchants and craftsman settled in these
towns, and some grew to be cities of several thousand
people.
Renaissance means “rebirth”. It was a golden age in the arts, literature and
sciences.
Why did it start in Italy?:
Urban Centers
Large city-states in northern Italy
Cities – breeding ground for intellectual revolution
Cities – Florence, Milan
Thriving centers of trade and manufacturing
Wealthy Merchant Class
Merchants – wealthiest, most powerful class & dominated
politics
Had $ to pursue other interests – Arts/education
Medici Family –
Cosimo de’ Medici – Influenced the ruling council (loans))
Lorenzo de’ Medici – behind the scene dictator
Patrons of Arts
Church – spent $$$ beautifying Rome
Wealthy families – supported artists
Renaissance Man
Ideal individual strove to master all areas of study
“universal man”
Renaissance Woman
Inspire but not create art
Less influential than middle age women
 Artists were supported by merchants, popes and
princes.
 Art was detailed, realistic, and reflected study of
human anatomy.
By 1300 papermaking and print technology had
reached Europe from China. The invention of
moveable type led Gutenberg to print the Bible in
1456.Books became more available.
 The Reformation began on October 31, 1517, when
German monk Saint Martin Luther nailed his 95
Theses to the Castle Church door in Wittenberg,
Germany.
 In 1517 a German monk, named Martin Luther posted
his famous 95 Theses against indulgences.
 A reform movement also took place in the Catholic
Church.
 The purpose was to strengthen the Catholic Church and
keep Catholics from converting to Protestantism
 1545 Council of Trent reaffirmed Catholic beliefs and
worked to end abuses
 Ignatius Loyola founded the Jesuits. Jesuit missionaries
helped spread Catholism around the world