Transcript Medieval Book Notes Recap - Watertown City School District

Bell Ringer
-Vast forests
-flowing,
rivers
Namenavigable
2 Geographic
-access
to important
features
that are
waterways
beneficial for Europe
King
Lordsare
(lesser
What
the 4lords)
main
Knights
tiers of the Feudal
Serfs/peasants
system?
Self-Sufficient: can take care
ofThe
one’s
own needs
Medieval
manor
was self sufficient,
The manor provided all the
explain how.
basic needs; food, water
and shelter
The Roman Catholic Church,
led by the Pope
What is the most
powerful force in
Medieval Europe?
Bell Ringer
Code of honor for Knights
What is Chivalry
10
five
Allcommandments
religions have and
a code
pillars
of moral behavior.
What
are the codes called for
Christians and
Muslims?
The Pope
Who is the leader of the
Roman Catholic faith?
The Roman Catholic Church,
led by the Pope
What is the most
powerful force in
Medieval Europe?
Bell Ringer
Arab Muslims and European
The Battle of Tours was
Christians
between what two
groups?
Who won?
The
Christians
Both are Monotheistic
religions (they believe in
Inonly
what
way
are
one
god)
Christianity and Islam
Similar?
-forests
-rivers
Name
two
geographic
-minerals
(iron,
coal,
resources of Europe
metals)
Access to important water
ways
The Feudal system
exchanged land for Loyalty
Feudal system
andThe
Service
exchanged land for
_________ and
__________
Bell Ringer
Worldly, not having to do with
religion
What does Secular
mean?
An economy where you
exchange goods and
services for other goods and
What is a barter
services
economy?
-the sacraments, or rituals,
What
the to
whichservices
safeguarddoes
passage
Church provide to
heaven
Medieval Europe?
The peasants, or serfs,
needed protection
Why did the Feudal
system take hold in
Medieval Europe?
Sketch the Feudal System
Medieval Europe and the
Byzantine Empire
Roman Origins
As the power of Rome faded
Europe emerged.
However, after Rome the
culture of Europe declined:
-no trade
-no education
-weak governments=
wars
European Geography
Europe has many natural resources including:
-Dense forests
-flowing rivers
-Minerals (iron, Coal, metal ore)
-access to major waterways
What could you do with
these resources?
Geography: The study of
people, places and their
resources
A grudge match 500 years in the making
The future of Europe hangs in the balance.
All will be decided at the Battle of Tours
Battle of Tours 732 AD
Before:
-The Muslims from the
Middle East were spreading their
influence across North Africa and
into Europe. The predominately
Christian Europeans were scared of
these foreign beliefs.
During:
Europeans banded
together under Charles Martel to
stop the advance of the Muslim
forces in present day Spain
After:
Europe remains Christian
and develops according to the
dominion of the Roman Catholic
Church.
VS
Review
Christianity
Both
Islam
Who was Charlemagne?
Frankish King who united much of Europe
through military conquest.
Charlemagne was a Christian and spread
Christianity throughout his empire.
When the Pope asked him for help in
suppressing a rebellion, Charlemagne
marched his army to Rome.
In gratitude the Pope will crown
Charlemagne Emperor.
Charlemagne’s accomplishments
Education- Wanted to preserve records of the nation
but there were few who could read or write. He founds
a school based on Greek curriculum
Religion- Spread Christianity through missionaries in
conquered areas
Government- Worked closely with
the Church and took advantage of
being named Emperor.
Feudal System
Feudal systems developed
for protection from the
constant warring of
Medieval Europe
Feudal Roles
King- Granted large fiefs (estates) to Lords
Lords- Exchanged parcels of land to lesser lords in
return for service and loyalty
Knights- horseback cavalry who fought battles for their
lords
Serfs- Performed the tasks to maintain the land.
Farmed, repair roads, bridges and
infrastructure.
The Manor
Self-sufficient- meeting their own needs without outside assistance
The Manor
Fallow fields are left unplanted
so that the soil can rejuvenate,
or gain back nutrients.
The people are able to take care
of their own needs, such as
food, clothing and shelter, all on
their manor.
Roman Catholic Church
The most powerful force in Medieval Europe
was the Roman Catholic Church.
The Church dominated everyday life, played
a role in politics, and influenced kings
During the Middle Ages people believed that
they must suffer during life to be rewarded
in the After life. To reach the afterlife they
must receive the Sacraments (rituals).
Church Control
According to the Medieval Church, people must
partake in the sacraments to reach salvation. If they
do not, they will not be saved in the after life.
To maintain control the Church would threaten
excommunication, or denying sacraments. When a
lord or king was excommunicated, his serfs and
vassals could not received sacrament either.
Agricultural Revolution
Over time the medieval Europeans developed
new agricultural techniques and technology which
helped produce more food:
1) Iron Plow – allowed them to plow thick, heavy
clay like soil
2) Fallow fields- left unplanted to rejuvenate
3) Horse harness- using horses instead of Oxen
cleared more land
Commercial Revolution
Causes
- Capital- money to invest
-Trade increases
-Banks develop
-insurance for business
Effects
-economy changes from
barter to money
-Guilds develop
-Middle Class of artisans
The commercial revolution led to more trade
with far away places
Types of Economies
There are 3 main types of economies:
1) Barter: Exchange of goods and services
for other goods and services
2) Money: A standard money is exchanged
for goods and services
3) Command: The government decides on
production and assigns goods and
services
Royal Pains
Over time, the kings began pushing for more
and more power. The Nobles, or Lords, were
tired of the king’s dirty politics and oppressive
ways.
These nobles eventually forced the king, John
of England, to sign the Magna Carta. This
document would limit the power of the king in
two ways:
1) Nobles have rights
2) Even the Monarch must obey the law
Royalty vs. Clergy
Royalty had tried to maintain the use of Lay
Investure, which means they could appoint the
highest members of the Clergy.
The Church said lay people (normal people) should
not have such power.
If the royals can choose the priests, they can
influence the power of the church, the most
powerful entity in all of Medieval Europe
Clergy- priests
and religious
officials.
Crusades
Muslim warriors were invading the eastern
Christian Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Emperor turned to the Pope for
help, and the Pope called for a Holy War against
the Muslim invaders.
Thousands of European Christians took up arms
to fight the Muslims and take control of
Jerusalem.
Short term cause: Muslims invade Byzantine
Long term causes: Hatred of the Muslims and
power struggles in the middle East
Effects of the Crusades
The Crusades, did not achieve their
original goal, they nevertheless, had
long reaching effects. As a result of the
Crusades, trade increased, which also
increased cultural diffusion between the
Islamic world and Europe. This led to
the Commercial Revolution
Short term effect: Arabs hold onto the
holy Land
Long term effects: Trade increased
between the Middle East and Europe=
cultural diffusion
Medieval Churches
To please God Medieval clergy and kings built
large stone churches. These large churches
were done in the Gothic Style . The stone is
very heavy and required supports known as
flying buttresses.
The Black Death
As trade increased, there was the spread of disease.
The worst was the Bubonic Plague, known as the
Black Death.
Causes
Effects
-Trade
-lack of hygiene
-famine and lack of
nutrition
-1/3 of the population
dies
-loss of faith in Church
-Serfdom declines
Eastern Rome  Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire grew out of the
Eastern Roman Empire. While the rest of
Rome failed, the East succeeded due to
trade and cultural achievements.
The Capital of the Byzantine empire was
Constantinople, a major trading city.
The greatest Byzantine emperor was
Justinian
Justinian
Justinian spread the Christian religion and
was bent on expanding the Byzantine
Empire.
His greatest accomplishments:
Hagia Sophia- large church using roman
domes and architecture techniques
Justinian’s Law Code- Collection of all
Roman laws, meant to organize and
preserve the Roman Law code
Roman Catholic vs. Greek Orthodox
Both are Christian, with the same basic beliefs:
Roman Catholic
- Priests can not marry
- Main celebration is
Christmas
- Speak Latin
- Pope has the
authority
Both
- Jesus
- 10 commandments
- Monotheistic
Greek Orthodox
- Priests can marry
- Main celebration is
Easter
- Speak Greek
- Emperor has the
authority
Byzantine culture spreads to Russia
The Byzantine empire spread many
things to Russia including:
-
Greek Orthodox Christianity**
Hellenistic (Greco-Roman) culture
The Cyrillic Alphabet**
Domed architecture
Byzantine Empire Collapse
The crusades weakened the Empire, as
knights looted and seized control
Trade slowly was controlled by Venice
merchants (Italy) and the Ottoman Turks
invaded the capital.
The Ottomans were Muslim and renamed
Constantinople Istanbul. Still a major
trade center.
The center of European trade will shift to
Venice, making it a rich and powerful trading
port.
Vocabulary
Vassal
Fief
Serf
Monarch
Fallow
Secular
Guilds
Apprentice
Vernacular
Autocrat
Chivalry
Excommunication
Sacrament
Capital
Theology
Schism