Transcript The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I

The English Renaissance
The Tudors and James I
Performer - Culture & Literature
Marina Spiazzi, Marina Tavella,
Margaret Layton © 2012
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
1. The Tudor Dynasty
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Performer - Culture & Literature
Henry VII (1485-1509)
Henry VIII (1509-1547)
Mary I (1547-1553)
Edward VI (1553-1558)
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
2. Henry VII (1485-1509)
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Came to the English throne when the War of the Roses ended.
First monarch of the Tudor dynasty.
Under his rule: peace and prosperity
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He laid the foundations of English Humanism
Army and navy were recognised and put under the
direct control of the king;
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Political alliances: marriage between his son
Arthur and the Spanish princess, Catherine of
Aragon. + marriage between his daughter
Margaret and James IV of Scotland
Performer - Culture & Literature
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
2. Henry VII (1485-1509)
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Strengthened the monarchy and turned England into a
modern State.
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Aimed at increasing and reinforcing England’s trading
position.(a mercantile fleet was created)
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Laid the foundations of English naval power by
increased spending on shipbuilding
merchant fleet+ army +navy= military
power.
Performer - Culture & Literature
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
3. Henry VIII (1509-1547)
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Henry VII’s second son.
Had all gifts of body and mind thought necessary for a prince: he was a
soldier, a poet, a musician, and a good horseman.
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Called the ‘Golden Prince’ both for his natural
good looks and his chivalry. His reign was
welcomed as the beginning of a new Golden Age
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He supported the Catholic cause against Martin
Luther  proclaimed ‘Defender of the Faith’ by
the Pope.
Performer - Culture & Literature
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
3. Henry VIII (1509-1547)
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Married Catherine of Aragon who bore him a daughter, Mary.
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Asked the Pope for a divorce to marry his pregnant mistress Anne
Boleyn.
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Broke with Rome when the Pope refused and
declared himself ‘Supreme Head of the Church
of England’ with the Act of Supremacy (1534).
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Dissolved the monasteries, taking their wealth.
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Ireland remained a Catholic country.
Beginning of the Irish question.
Performer - Culture & Literature
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
3. Henry VIII (1509-1547)
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With the Reformation the old aristocracy of feudal origin and Catholic
sympathies was gradually replaced by a new Protestant aristocracy linked to
the Tudors by the purchase of the land confiscated by the monasteries
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Also the mercantile and commercial middle class tended to favour
Protestantism.
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England claimed its autonomy in the domains of politics and religion
against the great Catholic powers of Europe (France and Spain).
Performer - Culture & Literature
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
3. Henry VIII (1509-1547)
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Anne Boleyn gave him a second daughter, Elizabeth.
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Henry had four more
wives
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and one son, Edward,
later Edward VI, from
his third wife.
Performer - Culture & Literature
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
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Henry VIII’s policy met with several opponents (and victims):
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Sir Thomas More, great humanist and author of Utopia
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The young poet and diplomat the Earl of Surrey
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Two of his wives: Ann Boleyn and Cathrine Howard, accused of
being unfaithful and sentenced to death
Performer - Culture & Literature
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
4. Edward VI (1547-1553)
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The son of Jane Seymour (3rd wife) and Henry VIII.
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Radical Protestantism.
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Introduced The Book of Common
Prayer in English.
Performer - Culture & Literature
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
5. Mary I (1547-1553)
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The daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine
of Aragon.
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Refused to abandon the Catholic faith.
Tried to restore England to papal
obedience.
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Married the Catholic Philip of Spain.
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The burning of Protestants earned her the nickname
‘Bloody Mary’ and alienated public opinion.
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Died without an heir.
Performer - Culture & Literature
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
6. Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
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Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn’s daughter.
Became queen of a divided nation, the majority of which
was anti-Catholic and anti-Spanish.
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She was twenty-five and had a strong
personality, a lively intelligence and a
passionate character.
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She had received an excellent
education: she could speak French,
Latin and Italian.
Performer - Culture & Literature
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
6. Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
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Her Church of England restored the country firmly to Protestantism, yet
she granted Catholics freedom of worship.
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Was unmarried and used this as
a political weapon.
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Said that ‘the Queen was married
to her people’ and became the
‘Virgin Queen’.
Performer - Culture & Literature
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
6. Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
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Went on royal progresses to be seen and to get to
know her people.
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Inspired literature, music, drama and
poetry.
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Recognised Spain as her main trade
rival and enemy.
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Expanded exploration and overseas
trade.
Performer - Culture & Literature
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
6. Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
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Encouraged sea-captains Francis Drake and Walter Raleigh
in their piracy against Spanish ships and took a share of the
profits.
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Defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588.
Laid the basis of England’s empire
chartering seven companies – including
the East India Company – to colonise in
the name of trade.
Performer - Culture & Literature
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
7. James I (1603-1625)
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Elizabeth died in 1603 without heirs.
James VI of Scotland became the first Stuart king in England
with the title of James I.
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Was a Protestant.
Based his rule on the theory of the
‘divine right of kings’.
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Summoned Parliament only to ask for money.
Interested in witchcraft.
In his treatise Daemonologie (1597) he
declared his belief in black magic.
Performer - Culture & Literature
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
8. James I and the Puritans
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Religion was the most urgent problem of his reign.
Catholics barred from public life and fined if they
refused to attend the Church of England.
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Extreme Protestants, called Puritans, disapproved
of the rites and bishops of the Church of England.
Performer - Culture & Literature
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
8. James I and the Puritans
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Puritans had a high sense of duty and morality
A hundred of them – the Pilgrim Fathers – applied for a
government patent to colonise New England
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In 1620 they left
England for America on
the Mayflower and
founded New Plymouth.
Performer - Culture & Literature
The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I
8. The Gunpowder Plot
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James I authorised a new translation of the Bible in 1604.
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In 1605 some radical Catholics plotted to blow up the king in
the Houses of Parliament.
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The failure of the Gunpowder Plot is
commemorated in England on 5th November.
Children have fireworks and burn effigies of Guy
Fawkes, one of the conspirators, on large fires.
Performer - Culture & Literature