Transcript Achievements of the Middle Ages

Bellringer: 3/6 and 3/7
• 1. Pick up the papers by the door.
• 2. Add these page numbers to your ToC:
• Page 112: Notes – Middle Ages in Europe
• Page 113: Map: Charlemagne’s Europe
• 3. Write down your HW:
• Read pgs. 335 (start at “Europe in the High
Middle Ages”) to 337 (stop at “New World of
Trade & Cities”) in DUIKER textbook
Agenda: 3/15 and 3/16
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1. Bellringer
2. Comparative Paragraph: World Religions
3. Notes: Intro to the Middle Ages
4. Map: Europe in the Middle Ages (p. 315)
THE MIDDLE AGES
IN EUROPE
General Characteristics of the Middle
Ages:
• Dates: 500s-1500s CE
•
After Classical civilizations of Greece/Rome and before the Renaissance
• Three phases:
• 1. Early Middle Ages (The “Dark Ages”) – 500s to 1000 CE
• 2. High Middle Ages – 1000 to 1300 CE
• 3. Late Middle Ages – 1300 to 1500 CE
• Only 1 church in Western Europe  Catholicism
• Politics and society typified by feudalism
• Everybody in society = has a role and a purpose
• Eventually ends because of:
• Scientific Revolution, Renaissance, printing press, etc.
Geography of the Middle Ages
Middle Ages began w/ fall of Rome in the
West
While the Eastern half
rose as Byzantine
Empire
Huns
Germanic
Tribes
Geography of the Middle Ages:
• Western Roman Empire  taken over by Germanic tribes
• Includes: Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Franks, etc.
• Becomes the German states, eventually united under the
Holy Roman Empire
• Think modern-day countries of France, Spain, Italy, Germany,
England, etc.
Religion of the Middle Ages
Religion of the Middle Ages:
• Roman Catholic Church = only religion in
Europe during the Middle Ages
• Influence left over from Roman Empire
• Catholic Church = a unifier in Europe
• In face of chaos and danger  Church
is a stable force, provides security to the
people
• Clovis becomes a political and
religious leader in the Middle Ages
• Church = center of education
• Often provides the only route for
education for men in Europe at the time
• Happens at monasteries
Achievements of the Middle Ages
Achievements of the Middle Ages:
• Intellectual Achievements:
• Calligraphy (fancy scripts
used by monks in writings)
• Creation of monasteries
• Educated many men as
administrators for kings
and lords within the
feudal system
• Monasteries preserved
Greco-Roman
knowledge
Some Important Cultural Changes:
Flowering of Poetry About Courtly Love:
• Troubadours (professional
singers) sang of courtliness,
brave deeds, and Romantic
love accompanied by a harp
or lute.
• Courtly love poetry
praised an idealized,
distant, unattainable lady
love (e.g. Beatrice in
Dante’s Divine Comedy)
• Artificial passion with
strict rules.
• Stories of unrequited love
and heroic knights
Achievements of the Middle Ages:
• Architecture:
• Will vary depending upon
which “phase” of the
Middle Ages a building
was constructed
• Examples:
• Castles
• Churches
• Rose window
Romanesque Architecture:
Prevalent during 9th-12th century
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Rounded Arches
Barrel Vaults
Thick walls
Darker, simplistic
interiors
• Small windows usually at
the top of the wall
• Circular Rose Window
usually on the West Side
Gothic Architecture:
prevalent in W. Europe from 12th – 15th Cen. C.E.
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Pointed arches
High, narrow vaults
Thinner walls
Flying buttresses
Elaborate, ornate,
airier interiors
• Stained-glass
windows
• Everything reaches
up towards Heaven
Rose Window
• The basic round rose window
was developed as part of the
Romanesque period but
developed further and was used
in Gothic Architecture.
• Notice the Romanesque style top
left versus the Gothic style
bottom left (from the cathedral of
Notre Dame). Intricate stone
tracery is used in the Gothic
style.
• Gothic rose window = more
elaborate than Romanesque
ARCHITECTURE:
Castles
• Originally built from wood,
easily destroyed
• Materials changed to stone
with higher, thicker walls
Politics/Government of the
Middle Ages
Politics/Government of the
Middle Ages:
• “Barbarian” invasion leads to
the fall of Roman Empire
• Leads to creation of
Germanic States  Holy
Roman Empire (emperor in
charge)
• Political structure on a local
level = feudalism
Politics/Government of the
Middle Ages:
• Rise of the Franks at the Battle
of Tours
• Franks: A Germanic tribe
• Eventually defeat Muslim
forces at the Battle of Tours
(led by Charles Martel) in
732
• Muslim loss at Tours:
Stops Muslim incursion
into Europe
• Makes Franks the most
powerful Germanic tribe
in Europe
Charlemagne
• Became the Frankish
king in 768
• The greatest leader of the
Franks
• His armies conquered
lands across Europe and
spread Christianity.
Charlemagne
• 1) Crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III on
December 25, 800.
• “Emperor of the Romans” or as historians
call it, “Holy Roman Emperor”
• Gave the Church political power
• Church held power over kings
• Start of the Carolingian Empire (800-888)
• 2) Known as “Father of Europe”
• United most of Western Europe
• During his ruling the West experiences
some stability.
Charlemagne’s capital, Aachen, in Germany.
Politics on a More Local
Level
• Feudalism
is used on
a local
level
regarding
politics
Economics of the Middle Ages
• The manor was the lord’s estate.
• The manor system was an
economic arrangement between a
lord and his serfs.
• The lord would provide serfs
with housing, strips of
farmland, and protection from
bandits.
• In return, the serfs tended the
lord’s lands, cared for his
animals, and performed other
tasks to maintain the estate.
Society of the Middle Ages
Society of the Middle Ages:
• Feudalism = political and social structure in the Middle
Ages
• This means there is definite class divisions
Tenets of Society during the
Middle Ages:
• Subservience to God’s
church
• Church played a big
role—birth, baptism
• Belief that great
cathedrals should be
erected
• Belief in God, heaven,
and hell
• All actions had
consequences (good life
led to a good experience
in heaven).