Transcript What roles did monks/monasteries play in European religion and

1.
Identify the date on the Map
2.
What important event happened in the Frankish kingdom
around this time?
3.
Identify the important geographic feature that provided a
natural boundary between the Thuringians and the Ostrogoths.
4.
Compare the map with the one on p. 356 What were some of
the tribes that Charlemagne conquered in establishing his
empire in the ninth century?
5.
How long did Charlemagne rule before his empire was
divided?
6.
Which event divided his empire?
7.
What events show the growing power of Christianity and the
Church?
8.
What factors led to the growth of feudalism?
9.
What is the common theme in both European and world events
during this time period?
ANALYZE TIMELINE/MAP ON 350-351
 Gradual decline of Roman empire ushered in
era historians call Middle Ages – medieval
period
 Spanned 500-1500
 New society emerged with roots in …
 Classical heritage of Rome
 Beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church
 Customs of various Germanic Tribes
 Constant invasions from Germanic tribes changed
numerous things
 Disruption of Trade – money became scarce as
businesses failed
 Downfall of cities – Cities were abandoned as
centers of administration
 Population shifts – pop. Becomes mostly rural,
nobles move to country as well as other where they
grow their own food.
 Decline of learning – Greek was lost as non
educated Germanics invaded and educated moved
 Loss of common language – Latin will change &
evolve, French, Spanish will emerge
 300 years since fall of Rome, small kingdoms took over/fought, One family
influential to expansion of Frank’s was Carolingians family of Charlemagne
 Grandfather - Charles Martel ” Charles the hammer” defeated the Muslims
from taking over Spain,
 Father, Pepin the Short, became first king of Carolingian dynasty. Forced
old king to step down & took throne himself after coercing with the Pope.
Pepin the Short led Dynasty until death – defeated Lombard's gaining favor
of the Pope getting them out of Rome
 Lombard's attacked Papal States, ruled by Pope Leo III, Called on
Charlemagne for help. Answered call swiftly defeating Lombard's, next
year helped Pope restore power to Rome from angry attackers. Pope made
him Emperor
 Crowning of Charlemagne, Christmas, shock to even him
 Charlemagne Old French for Charles the Great, Every year took a new area
of land, creating alliances with local leaders. Unified Western Europe
bringing them Christianity
 TPS what is the significance that the Pope had chosen a new emperor?
 1 – Glory restored to Roman empire 2 – Charlemagne rule had full backing
of God
 What steps would you take if you took over a chaotic gov’t to
stabilize it?
 Charlemagne chose a new center for gov’t in Aachen(ger.), new
huge palace/cathedral to reflect greatness
 Empire too large, chose counts – officials, to rule parts of empire in
his name. Ruled over counties. Bound by oath to obey, granted
large tracts of land, give much authority. Sent inspectors throughout
kingdom to reward/punish counts
 Valued education with self/leaders – wanted reading/writing for
all, ordered churches to start schools staffed by educated
priests/monks. Studied religion, music, grammar
 Brought in scholars from throughout Europe to teach, had copies of
texts of scholars copied/sent throughout Europe, preserved many
ancient documents
 Wanted to strengthen Christianity, devout supporter of
mass multiple times a day
 Worked with church to create unified Christian empire,
how did he accomplish this?
 By force – ordered conquered people to convert or die,
once they accepted monks came in to teach
 Honored traditional laws of tribes(mostly oral at this
point) recorded, urging from pope issued new laws
enforcing Christian teachings
 814 Charlemagne passed, empire crumbled, why do
you believe?
 Did not build strong enough bureaucracy to maintain
empire, grandsons fought over kingdom dividing into 3
parts, invaders, inner regions grew strong.
 Signed Treaty of Verdun splitting Kingdom 3 ways, will
lead to Feudalism
 Vikings from Norway/Denmark/Sweden also called
Norsemen/Northmen
 Many farmers/Fishermen, soil terrible for farming/population
grew many food shortages led to…?
 Viking Raids
 Skilled shipbuilders/sailors – ships large enough for 100+
warriors, skilled at navigation – planning the course across the
sea
 Attacked England/N. France/Kiev/Constantinople, would sail
upriver to attack to Paris/Aachen
 “The number of ships grows: the endless stream of Vikings never
ceases to increase. Everywhere the Christians are victims of
massacres, burnings, plundering's: the Vikings conquer all in their
path, and no one resists them.”
 Quickly came by boat, w/ swords/axes/spears/shields. Leapt from
boat, killed or captured any defenders, grabbed items and jumped
back in boat. Sold captured to distant lands for slavery
 What people/places do you believe were the favorite targets ,
why? TPS
 Monks/monasteries – had fine treasures (jeweled crosses,
gold/silver candlestick, weren’t Christians)
 Peaceful Vikings settled in Iceland/Greenland/N. France(Rollo
made deal with King of France for Normandy-land of Northmen)
and even Eastern shore of Canada
 Invaded from East into Hungary, like Vikings in that they were
warriors but not sailors, skilled riders
 Careful planners of attacks, not heavy defended towns
choosing instead to attack small settlements, fled quickly.
Raided France/Germany/Italy/Byzantine Empire
 Finally Settled and King Otto the Great of Germany crushed
them
 Skilled quick fighting, much like Magyars
 Blocked trade in Mediterranean as pirates looting ships sold
crew to slavery – popes turned to Franks for protection
 Research current-day occurrences within the countries form
from Viking/Magyar/Muslim attacking regions. Use reliable
major news Web Sites BBC, CNN, New York Times. Identify a
topic of interest and each person write a paragraph of
.examination and summary of the topic.
Bell Ringer
 At beginning of middle ages most soldiers fought on foot/parts
of large armies, what do you believe changed the style of
fighting?
 Feudalism….originated due to inability to protect from
invaders which were…..
 First castles appeared, built on hills to protect nobles/families,
not what we see in movies but located on hill, built of wood.
Simple shelter form attack
 Nobles hired knights – skilled soldiers who fought on
horseback, for services. Being a knight included
weapons/armor/horses = very expensive, paid in land called
fief. Those that accepted fief called vassal, person paying the
fief called the lord. This exchange of land for service is the
feudal system.
 Knights chief duty to provide military service to lord. Promised
to remain loyal to lord and not turn against him. Financial
obligations to lord, if lord captured in battle knight obliged to
help pay ransom for release.
 Lord had to treat knights fairly, not demand too much of their
time/$, had to protect knights from enemies, judge to settle
disputes between knights.
 Incredibly complicated system, knights receiving large fiefs
became lords , some served multiple lords. If their lords fought
each other they had to choose which one to fight for.
 All suppose to be loyal to king but some lords became so
powerful kings authority faded.
 Manorial system – center of medieval economics, called this
because system was built around large estates called manors,
feudal system = social syst., manorial system = economic syst.
 Peasants/serfs – workers who were legally tied to the manor,
which they worked; were the people who worked lived on lord’s
land in return received protection for paying taxes to lord
 Used 3 field planting system, each manor self sufficient, manor
house for noble family/protection, mill, church, blacksmith.
 How do you believe peasants and lords benefited from the
manorial system?
 What is the difference between serfs/peasants?
 In what ways did a manor resemble a small town?
 Castles/manor houses built for defense, no windows, cold in
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winter, stuffy in summer, dark all year, private rooms very rare
Main room called hall, for dining/entertaining, nobles sometimes
slept in halls separated by sheets, latrines flowed down long pipe
either emptying into ground or river, instead of toilet paper used
hay, wooden bathtub outside in garden for summer near fire inside
for winter
Peasants one bedroom cottages, packed dirt floors. Straw thatch
roof, thick enough to be waterproof but not so heavy that it would
collapse. Straw stuffed into rough sack used for bedding, had to be
replaced regularly so bedbugs/lice wouldn’t stay
Cooked over fire in middle of floor. Smoke regularly filled
cottage/sparks could easily ignite the roof.
Left house at dawn, men/boys – went to work in fields, women/girls
– cooked, sewed, cared for animals, grew vegetables. All of family
helped during harvest time.
Castle Muiderslot near
Amsterdam, Netherlands
 With your partner Create a detailed annotated info graphic of feudalism
& the Manor System
 1 major annotated pictures
 10 supporting points with pictures
 Things to include…
 Duties of the Lord
 Fief
 Vassal
 Knights
 The 3 social classes
 Serfs
 Manor
 The medieval Manor
 Tithe
Use Ch. 13 Section 2 to help you out
 On construction paper with your partner. One student will
represent the lord and the other student represent the
vassal/knight. Work together to develop a contract between
lord and knight during the Middle Ages. Contracts should
address all the responsibilities and duties the lord has toward
the knight and the responsibilities and duties the knight as
toward the lord. Both students must agree on all aspects of the
contract. Write the finished contract down. Volunteers will
present their contracts to the class.