Transcript The English Reformation

The English Reformation
King Henry VIII
• Eng. Reform was a political crisis
• It began when Henry VIII decided to rid himself of his
wife, Catherine of Aragon.
• Pope Julius II had granted permission for them to marry.
• He considered her too old to bear anymore children and
he wanted a son.
• They had 1 daughter, Mary
• Clement VII refused to annul the marriage.
Catherine of Aragon
* daughter of Ferdinand & Isabella
* originally married to Arthur who dies
6 months into the marriage
* marries Henry – she’s 24 he’s 18
Steps in the English Reformation
• Pope Clement VII pressured by
Charles V to avoid granting the
annulment
• Henry then sought an
annulment through the British
Ecclesiastical Courts
• Parliament passed a law that
ended papal control in England
• Henry secretly married Anne
Boleyn and the Church in
England legitimized the
marriage
• Anne had a baby girl—
Elizabeth I
Pope
Clement
VIII
Anne
Boleyn
The Divorce
• Thomas Cranmer (archbishop of Cantebury) engineers
the divorce
• Henry must break with the papacy to achieve this. He
likes the power it gives him.
• The Act of Supremacy makes the king (monarch) the
head of the Church of England. It abolishes papal
jurisdiction in England.
• Dissolution of the monastaries transfers church wealth
and property to England.
• Act in Restraint of Appeals denies Pope’s authority
• Thomas More loses his head when he refuses to swear
allegiance to the new church. (Act of Succession)
The Reformation in England
Anne Boleyn
* she had been Catherine’s lady-inwaiting
* married Henry in 1533
*she is already pregnant with
Elizabeth and will miscarry her last 2
pregnancies, one of which was a son.
* charged with adultery and incest
* her marriage to Henry was
dissolved and regarded as invalid
* executed at the Tower 1536
Video\The_Execution_of_Anne_Boleyn.asf
4 More Wives
• Jane Seymour gave birth to Edward but dies
shortly after
• Anne of Cleaves was “distasteful” to Henry
• Catherine Howard actually did some of the
things Anne Boleyn had been charged with and
was beheaded
• Catherine Parr managed to outlive Henry and
acted as his nursemaid in his final years
• Henry died January 28, 1547
Jane Seymour
Anne of Cleaves
Catherine Howard
Katherine Parr
Changes in Henry’s Church
Although the structure of the Church of England was established,
very few things changed theologically
Structure:
Theology:
• Act of Succession
• Act of Supremacy
• Monarch is the head
of the church
• Treason Act
• Dissolved monasteries
•
•
•
•
Catholic doctrine
Six Articles Act
Transubstantiation
Clerical celibacy
Henry VIII’s Grave
After Henry’s death…
• Edward VI, a frail child, was 9
when he became king
• Because he was so young, a
cabinet of ministers ruled for
him.
• He died in 1553 and Mary
came to the throne.
• During his reign, Archbishop
Cranmer moved the Anglican
Church towards Protestantism
• Book of Common Prayer
Mary I
• Ascended to the throne in
1553
• Aimed to restore the
Catholic Church in
England
• Provoked a great deal of
fear of and opposition
• Reasserted papal
authority
• Her execution of more
than 300 Protestants
earned her the notorious
nickname “Bloody Mary”
Mary’s Campaign Against the Protestants
• Nearly 800
Protestants fled
England
(Marian Exiles)
• Her repression
actually caused
people to
become more
Protestant
Cranmer burned at the stake
Queen Elizabeth I 1533-1603
• Came to power in
1558
• Protestant
• Act of Uniformity
and Act of
Succession
• Restored
Protestantism and
gave it meaning
• The Puritans