Transcript Contact with Europeans

The Middle Ages
Europe’s Geography
•Diverse landscape,
mountains,
farmlands, coastal
areas
•Navigable rivers
•Warmer climate
from the - North
Atlantic Drift
All this in a relatively
small area
The Germanic Kingdoms
• No Cities (small villages)
• No written laws (customs)
• 400 - 700 A.D. Larger
Kingdoms start to take
shape
• The Strongest of these
Kingdoms was the Franks
• In 481, Clovis, King of the
Franks took over Gaul
(France)
The Germanic Kingdoms
In 496, Clovis (a pagan) prayed to the Christian God
for a victory…..he won…….
On Christmas Day, he and 3,000 of his warriors were
baptized
Now Clovis had a new ally - The Roman Catholic
Church
The Germanic Kingdoms
Charles Martel
(686-741)
Charles Defeated
the Muslims (Moors)
at the Battle of Tours
(732) keeping them
out of Europe (other
than Spain)
Charlemagne
747 - 814
King of the Franks
defeated
•Lombards in N. Italy
•Saxons in Germany
•Muslims in S. France & N. Spain
•Avars & Slavs in the East
Charlemagne
……then in 800, Pope
Leo III called on
Charlemagne to help put
down a rebellion of
Roman Nobles
Charlemagne came to
the rescue.
Charlemagne
On Christmas Day 800,
Pope Leo III crowned him,
the….
• united Christian Europe
• tied Pope to western leaders
• began a rife with Eastern
Europe
Charlemagne
Controlled his huge
Empire through nobles
and land grants
he sent out….
Royal messengers who kept
tabs on 200 nobles
Charlemagne
Built his capital…..
……Aachen, this was to
be the 2nd Rome, and it
was here that he
established new schools
with Latin as the model
going forward
Charlemagne
“Charles the Great”
•Central Government
•Spread Christianity
•Model for future kingdoms
•Education
•Preserved records
•Blended cultures
Charlemagne
Charlemagne dies in
814…..
His son “Louis the Pious”
rules from 814-840, when
he died war between his
3 sons breaks out for 2
years
Treaty of Verdun
843
Divides Charlemagne’s
empire into three
kingdoms
This weaken Europe, and
the three kingdoms later
breakup even further
476
Rome
Falls
481
to
511
747
to
814
Clovis Charles Martel Charle
“the Hammer” magne
714
to
744
843
1000
Leif
Treaty
Erikson
of
&
Verdun
Vinland
After the Treaty of Verdun
Outsiders (Vikings, Moors,
etc.) see an opportunity with
a weakened Europe
Landowners start to
become more selfsufficient
KING
Military Powerful
money
Lord
Military Lesser
money Lord
Labor Serf
fees
Serf
Lesser
Lord
Serf
Powerful
Lord
Lesser
Lord
Serf
Fiefs
Powerful
Protection
Lord
Lesser
Lord
You
Serf
Lesser
Lord
Serf
Lesser Fiefs
LordProtection
Serf
right
Serf to farm
Land
Feudalism Vocabulary Sheet
• Feudalism - A political system that
provided protection for it’s members.
• Hierarchy – a group of people
organized by rank.
•Fief – A large feudal estate or farm.
Feudalism Vocabulary Sheet
• Vassal - A person under
the protection of the
feudal lord.
• Oath of Fealty - an
expression of loyalty to
one’s lord.
• Knight – An armed
soldier who served a
lord.
Feudalism Vocabulary Sheet
• Serf – A peasant bound
to work the land of a lord.
• Manor – a castle, fief,
or estate of a lord.
• Liege – Superior Lord
vassal (# 1 Lord vassal is
committed to).
• Heraldry – designing
family coats of arms,
recording genealogy.
• Page – Sent
off to learn
basic skills
and…….
• Squire – Begin
the real training
• Knight –
Held to the
highest
standard
…honorable
• Only 3% of
Norway is
farmable
• Longships
were extremely
versatile
• Worked
themselves up
into a frenzy
before battle
Threatened
Europe from 900
to 1100