Transcript Charlemagne and the Franks

The Rise of
Feudalism in Europe
During the Middle Ages
Europe’s Geography
Geography made Europe difficult to unite. Today, it is the
second smallest continent but has 50 countries. Its division
can be traced back to the many tribes in the Dark Ages.
The “Dark Ages”
• Historians call the period following the fall
of Rome the “Dark Ages.”
• This period is known as the beginning of
the “Middle Ages” (the time between the
fall of Rome and the Renaissance).
What do we know about the
middle ages?
“Barbarians”
Lords and Ladies
Knights
Castles
The Catholic Church
King Arthur and the Round
Table
The Crusades
The Dark Ages
Conflict
The “Black death”
The fall of Rome brought many important
changes to Western Europe.
Warfare increased. Trade decreased.
The “Dark Ages” began.
Effects of the Fall of Rome
• Germanic tribes took over Roman lands.
• Hundreds of little kingdoms took the place
of the Western Roman Empire in Europe.
• Kingdoms were always at war with one
another.
• People lost interest in learning.
The Rise of Feudalism in Medieval Europe
( 500 CE -1500 CE.)
Barbarian
invasions
cause the
fall of the
Western
Roman
Empire,
leaving
Europe in
chaos.
No central
leadership
led to a
rise of
new
kingdoms/
states that
are not
united.
New
kingdoms
are unable
to protect
themselves
from
barbarians
causing a
need for
localized
protection.
The
rise of
feudalism
in Europe.
Vikings, Muslims and Magyars Invasion Map
Clovis was
an important
king of the
Franks. The
Franks were
one of the
largest
Germanic
tribes.
Clovis and the Franks
• In A.D. 481, Clovis united the Franks and
became their king.
• Clovis converted to the Roman Catholic
faith.
• Essentially, the Franks blended Germanic
and Roman cultural practices.
Frankish Kingdoms
Charlemagne
became king
of the Franks
in 768 A.D.
He conquered
a vast empire
and tried
to recreate
the glory of the
Roman
Empire.
Charlemagne
•
Charlemagne was first crowned
king of the Franks.
•
Later, in 800 CE he was crowned
by the POPE Leo III as the Holy
Roman Emperor.
•
This enraged the people of the
Eastern Byzantine Empire because
their ruler was not selected!
The Church and Charlemagne
depended on each other:
 The Pope needed the support of
his army to protect the church.
 Charlemagne gained support from
his people because he was viewed
as having “God on his side”.
Charlemagne Continued
• Through wars of
conquest he united
differing European tribes.
• He showed the tribes of
Europe that they have
similar values under
Christianity.
By Rafael: the Coronation of
Charlegmagne
Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne “Holy
Roman Emperor.”
Charlemagne's Achievements
• Government: Officials called missi
dominici were sent to check on nobles and
ensure justice.
• Learning: Wanted his capital at Aachen to
be “a second Rome.” Created a
curriculum, or formal course of study.
• Extended Christianity into Northern
Europe.
• Blended German, Roman, and Christian
traditions.
Effects of Charlemagne
• While Charlemagne’s descendants were
not able to recreate the glory of the
Roman Empire, the Franks did have
effects:
1. Christianity continued to spread.
2. His government was an example for later
monarchs.
3.The Frankish practice of giving land to nobles
in exchange for loyalty and military service
spread throughout Western Europe.
William The Conqueror
• A French duke who
defeated the English king
at the Battle of Hastings.
• After winning the battle he
declared himself king of
England.
• William rewarded the
knights that helped him
win the battle by giving
them land.
• This event marked the
beginning of the feudal
system in England.
William The Conquerer
Battle of Hastings
Key words Essential to
Feudalism
• Feudalism- (Fyoo-duh-lih-zuhm) A
system of PROTECTION in the
Middle Ages.
• Vassal- An oath of loyalty
between knights and lords that
stated they would protect the
land.
A knight is a vassal (loyal subject) for his lord and a lord is a vassal for a king.
Feudalism
• Life during the Middle Ages was based on
a series of exchanges.
• Lesser Lords obeyed more powerful Lords
in exchange for land. They also gave the
more powerful lords military service.
• Peasants, known as serfs, gave their lords
a portion of crops in return for protection.
Feudal Europe Power Pyramid
The Pope
King
Lords/Nobles
Knights
Peasants/serfs
Popes
• Leader of the
Roman
Catholic
Church
• Popes were
seen as God’s
representative
on earth.
Kings
• Leader of
kingdoms.
• Kings gave land to
the lords.
• All lords/nobles
and knights swore
an oath of loyalty
to protect the
king’s land.
Nobles/Lords
• Swore loyalty to
the king.
• In exchange,
nobles were
given land called
fiefs to protect.
Knights
• Armored warriors
that protected
their lords’ land.
• They often
received fiefs
(land) for their
service.
Peasants/Serfs
• Worked on the
lords land
(manors) growing
and harvesting
food for the
feudal system.
• Received
protection for
their service.
A rare day of rest for the serfs on the manor.
Describe what you see.
Protection from who?
1. The Vikings invaded
from Scandinavia- Expert
sailors. They were quick and
savage. They attacked
Ireland, England and France.
They looted and captured
people to sell into slavery.
Most Europeans lived in terror
of them.
2. The Magyars attacked
from Asia.
3. The Muslims attacked
(from South).
The First Castle Design: Motte and Bailey
More Advanced Castled Designs
Bodium Castle
Caernarfon Castle
Youtube Link
• The Castle by David Macaulay
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGbPSh
Upjpg&list=PLA9C3672CED7D4327
• Play from about 14 minutes to 17.
History of the Middle Ages
• Show through high middle ages until the
black death.
• http://172.26.64.6/SAFARI/montage/play.p
hp?keyindex=2834
Questions for Review:
• Why did historians call the early Middle
Ages the “Dark Ages”?
• Who was Clovis and how did his
conversion affect the Franks?
• How is feudalism different from other
political systems?