Transcript The Middle Ages

Chapter 10 Notes
Movement
•
Angles and Saxons
settle in England.
•
Monks come to
England to convert
the Anglo-Saxons to
Christianity.
•
Vikings (Northmen),
Magyars and
Muslims invade
areas of Europe.
Cooperation
•
The Frankish ruler
Clovis converts to
Christianity and
gains the support of
the Roman catholic
church
•
Benedictine rule
emphasizes the
need for monks to
work together within
the monastery.
•
The system of
Feudalism, based on
the granting of land
to nobles in
exchange for military
service, spreads
throughout Europe.
Conflict
•Charlemagne’s
death leads to the
decline and division
of the Carolingian
Empire.
•Schism divides the
Eastern Orthodox
and the Roman
Catholic Church.
•William the
Conqueror defeats
Harold Godwinson
in the Battle of
Hastings.
Uniformity
•The Emperor Justinian
restores the Roman Empire.
•The Magna Carta guarantees
rights and freedoms to all
Englishmen.
Charlemagne, King of Franks
Charles
The Man
Charles
Charles
The Administrator The Conqueror
Was athletic,
Delegated
well-spoken, and authority to loyal
charismatic
nobles
Was an
aggressive
Warrior
Charles
The Patron of
Learning
Revived
classical studies
Married four
Times
Retained local
Strengthened
laws of conquered the Frankish
areas
military
Preserved Latin
culture
Understood
Greek, spoke
Latin, but
possibly could
not write
Divided kingdom
into districts
Established
monastic and
palace schools
Left empire to
his surviving
children
Used missi
dominici
(“messengers of
the lord king”) to
inspect and report
on provinces
Expanded and
consolidated
the Frankish
kingdom
Feudalism System
Kings
Land
(fief)
Land, Armed Forces,
Roads,Bridges, dams &
Justices in disputes
among vassals (Trial by
combat)
Fees, loyalty,
Military support
Lords
Three feudal dues (ransom,
Dowry, Knighthood )Fees,
loyalty,Military support
Vassals/ Knights
Protection &
Economic
Security
Fees, loyalty, labor, Help in
defending the castle
Serfs
Ch.10 Key Ideas
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The two important medieval institutions were Feudalism and the Manorialism.
Feudalism was a political system in which Lords granted fiefs to vassals in return for
loyalty, military duty, and other services.
The Manorial system was an economic system based on a self-sufficient manor,
worked mainly by serfs (peasants).
During the Middle Ages, the church performed many functions, including many of the
responsibilities of modern governments.
Monasticism attracted many people. Both secular and regular clergy played important
roles in education, politics, economics, and the social structure.
Problems such as lay investiture, the worldly lives of clergy, simony, and heresy
plagued the medieval church.
During the rule of the Anglo-Saxons in England, the people there accepted
Christianity, and the Danes (Vikings) invaded England.
After the Death of Edward the Confessor, the Normans invaded England.
Henry I and Henry II increased royal authority.
The English ruler himself was made subject to the law when King John was forced to
accept the Magna Carta. Parliament and common law developed in England during
the 1200’s.
The French kings gradually extended their authority. The Capetians- Hugh Capet and
his descendants- added territory and developed a strong central government.
Holy Roman Emperors controlled much of Germany and Italy (known as the papal
states) and struggled with the papacy for power.
Medieval Church
• Church hierarchy-Pope, Cardinals (Curia),
Archbishop, Bishops, Priest.
• Church enforced laws by use of excommunication
and interdict.
• Monks & Nuns lived monastery/convent life in order
to live the perfect life through prayer, fasting, & selfdenial.
• Church source of income was taxes (tithe), fines,
fees, and income from church owned land.
Magna Carta Provisions:
• King John agreed not to collect any new or special
taxes without consent of Great Council.
• Not to take property w/o paying for it.
• No refusal or delay of Justices.
• Trial by Jury of peers
• King is not above the Law.
Concordat of Worms
• In 1122, The Emperor Henry V and Pope
Gregory.
• Divided power between the popes and
emperors.
• Emperors grant lands and secular powers to the
church officials.
• Church Officials elect and grant spiritual powers
to Bishops.
• The struggle for power did not end.
• Papal powers resisted any Holy roman emperor
in control of Italy.