Transcript King John Of England - ripkensworldhistory2

King John Of England
December 24 1166 – October 19 1216
Becomes King April 6, 1199
Crowned On May 27, 1199
By: Laura Gosse
Time Line Of Events
Born December 24, 1166
John was the son of King
Henry II and Eleanor of
Aquitaine
1183: Henry the Young
King died and Richard
became heir to the throne
(John’s older brothers)
1186: Geoffrey (one of
John’s older brothers) dies
in a tournament
1187: Saladin, the sultan
of Egypt, captures
Jerusalem
1189: King Richard names
his nephew Arthur, son of
his late brother Geoffrey,
as heir to the English
throne
1189: King Richard gives
John the titles of Count
Mortain and Lord of
Ireland. Also John is
ordered away from
England for 3 years
July 6 1189: King Henry II
dies and Richard is
crowned King
1189: John marries
Isabella of Gloucester…
The marriage was later
annulled due to apparent
“consanguinity”
July 4, 1190: King
Richard embarks on the 3rd
Crusade
1192: King Richard was
shipwrecked off the coast
of the Adriatic and was
imprisoned by the Duke of
Austria and held for
ransom
1190-1194: John attempts
to over throw William
Longchamp, the Bishop of
Ely and take the throne of
England. The legend of
Robin Hood was created
February 4, 1194: The
ransom for King Richard
was paid and he was
released
Time Line Of Events Cont.
April 6, 1199: King
Richard the Lionheart
dies. John takes the throne
of England
May 27, 1199: The
coronation of King John
August 24, 1200: King
John married Isabelle of
Angouleme. They had five
children
1202: The 4th Crusade
1209: King John is
excommunicated from the
Catholic Church due to his
opposition to Stephen
Langton who was chosen
by the Pope to be
Archbishop of Canterbury
1205: King John becomes
involved in a dispute with
Pope Innocent III
April 3, 1203: King John
helps in the secret murder
of his nephew Arthur
April 28, 1202: John is
forced to forfeit his French
lands to King Philip of
France. The lands of
Aquitaine, Normandy,
Brittany, Anjou, and
Poitou
1211: King John puts an
end to a Welsh rebellion
July 27, 1214: King John
was defeated at the Battle
of the Bouvines. He was
forced to accept an
unfavorable peace with
France
1212: King John increases
taxes on Barons in an
attempt to gain back the
French lands that he had
forfeited.
June 15, 1215: The
English Barons forced
King John to sign the
Magna Carta
Time Line Of Events Cont.
1216: King John accepts
Pope Innocent III’s terms
and is brought back into the
church
1215-1216: First Barons
War, the rebel barons
support the son of the King
of France, Prince Louis
May 21, 1216: Louis invades
England and goes to London
where he gains support,
proclaims, and accepted as
King of England (he was
never actually crowned).
John escapes to Winchester
October 19, 1216: King
John dies at Newark and is
buried in Worcester
Cathedral
July 25, 1216: The siege of
Dover Castle… Louis fails to
capture the castle
June 14, 1216: Prince Louis
of France captures
Winchester and then
conquers just over half of the
English Kingdom
October 28, 1216: The
English Barons turn against
Prince Louis of France and
give their support to King
John’s 9 year old son who
becomes King Henry III
Map Of John’s Early
Kingdom
After the death of
King Richard,
John took the
throne of England.
With this title
came the lands of
England and the
French lands of
Normandy, Anjou,
Brittany, Poitou
and Aquitaine.
Maps, Places & Documents
Of Interest
~The Battle Of The Bouvines~
This was the fight between England and
France in 1214. King John was defeated
and had to accept a peace with France.
~The Magna Carta~
This was the document that King John was
forced to sign by the English Barons in
order to grant them more feudal liberties.
~Dover Castle~
This was the castle
that Prince Louis
of France laid siege
to in 1216. He
failed in gaining it
under his power.
~Worcester Cathedral~
This is where King
John was buried when
he died on October 19,
1216
Periodization
• Life of all classes was dominated by the feudal
system and also by the Catholic Church.
•
The church became the universal and unifying
institution.
• Guilds helped to stress the collective identity of
people, they disapproved unregulated
competition, and minimized profit motive.
• Popes worked for a centralized church, which
was achieved under Pope Innocent III.
• The crusades became very important for
religious and military purposes. It gave you
status to go fight for God and Country against
the Arabs. The crusaders brought back scholars
and literature that was previously unknown to
them (Arab and Greek authors)
John Of The
Plantagenet House
John was the favorite son of his father’s (King Henry II) but as the
youngest child, John could expect no inheritance. After their father’s
death, John’s brother Richard (known as Richard the Lionheart)
inherited the throne of England. John gained some Irish land from
Richard but the people of Ireland despised him. Over the years John
became known as a cheat and a liar. While Richard was overseas
fighting in the 3rd Crusade, John came to England and tried to take the
English crown by force by trying to overthrow the Bishop of Ely,
William Longchamp. When Richard returned home to England, he
forgave John. Finally in 1199, Richard the Lionheart dies and since he
left no heirs, John inherited the throne. He marries Isabelle of
Angouleme and has 5 children with her (Henry III, Richard Earl of
Cornwall, Joan of England, Isabella of England, and Eleanor of
England). In 1207, King John had a falling out with Pope Innocent III
over who should be elected as the Archbishop of Canterbury. John and
all of England were excommunicated. In 1213, John goes back to the
Pope and begs forgiveness of himself and of his country. The Pope
forgives him and accepts England back into the Christian Church. In
1214 English barons rebelled and forced King John to sign the Magna
Carta in 1215. In 1216, Prince Louis of France invades England and
King John becomes very ill. The barons turn against Prince Louis, and
King John dies. He was succeeded by his son Henry III.
Legacy
• During his first 5 years on the English throne,
John managed to lose his French lands
Aquitaine, Normandy, Brittany, Anjou, and
Poitou. He forfeited them to King Philip of
France. This ended up with England being torn
by civil war.
• In 1213 England became a papal fief to resolve
dispute with Pope Innocent III.
• In 1215, King John’s barons forced him to sign
the Magna Carta.
• King John's legacy is not a very pleasant one.
He is said to be one of the worst rulers in
English history. It was through his reign that
England fell into civil war and was very
tumultuous. After John’s death, his son, Henry
III, became King and he settled England and
ruled peacefully for fifty-six years.
Inventions Of The High
Middle Ages
• The Blast Furnace (12th Century CE): First built in
Durstel, Switzerland; Markische Sauerland,
Germany; and Lapphyttan, Sweden. Monasteries
used these. The leading iron producers of the time
were the Cistercians in Champagne, France from
the mid-13th century to the 17th century.
• Liquor (12th Century CE): Freeze distillation, the
“Mongolian Still” is known to have been a use in
making an alcoholic beverage. It involves freezing
the liquor and removing the water crystals.
• Eyeglasses (13th Century CE): In 1268, Roger Bacon
made the earliest record on the use of lenses for
optical purposes.
Bibliography
•
Wikipedia, The Free Online Encyclopedia, John Of England: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_England
(Accessed on December 15, 2009)
[Slide 1]
•
About.com: http://historymedren.about.com/od/jwho/p/who_kingjohn.htm
(Accessed on December 16, 2009)
[Slides 1-4]
•
Middle Ages: http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/
(Accessed on December 16, 2009)
[Slides 2-4]
•
The Story Of Britain: A Peoples History
Author: Roy Strong
Pimlico 1998
Of An Empire; Pages 73-75
December 16, 2009)
•
History Learning Site: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/king_john.htm
(Accessed on December 26, 2009)
[Slide 8]
•
Listverse: http://listverse.com/2007/09/22/top-10-inventions-of-the-middle-ages/
(Accessed on December 26, 2009)
[Slide 10]
Publisher:
Chapter 11: The End
(Accessed on
[Slides 2-5]
Bibliography Cont.
•
Wikipedia, The Free Online Encyclopedia, John Of England: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_England
(Accessed on December 15, 2009)
[Slides 1 & 9]
•
Infoplease: http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0859627.html
(Accessed on December 29, 2009)
[Slide 7]
Photo Bibliography
•
M4 Consultants, The People Involved: http://www.m4pips.com/Webdesigns/EDCI583/People.htm
(Accessed on December 15, 2009)
{Drawing Of King John}
[Slide 1]
•
Abbey Of Fontevrault: http://vrcoll.fa.pitt.edu/medart/image/France/fontevrault-new/fontvrlt-general.htm
(Accessed on December 15, 2009)
{Map Of John’s Early Kingdom}
[Slide 5]
•
Eckerd Collage Community: http://home.eckerd.edu/~oberhot/bouvines.htm
(Accessed on December 16, 2009)
{Map of the Battle of Bouvine}
[Slide 6]
•
Word Press: http://cjjj1.wordpress.com/2008/11/24/the-magna-carta-by-jessica-jones/
(Accessed on December 16, 2009)
{Image Of The Magna Carta}
[Slide 6]
•
Bimmerfest: http://www.bimmerfest.com/forums/showthread.php?p=4171176
(Accessed on December 16, 2009)
{Image Of Dover Castle}
[Slide 6]
•
Samos UK Ltd: http://www.samosuk.ltd.uk/about_us.aspx
on December 16, 2009)
Castle}
[Slide 6]
(Accessed
{Image Of Dover
Photo Bibliography
Cont.
•
Historic Sites: http://elore.com/Ireland/Sites/Historic/king_johns.htm
(Accessed on December 26, 2009)
{Painting Of King John}
[Slide 8]
•
Listverse: http://listverse.com/2007/09/22/top-10-inventions-of-the-middle-ages/
(Accessed on December 26, 2009)
{Painting Of Man With Eyeglasses}
[Slide 10]
•
Wikimedia: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/John_of_England_%28John_Lackland%29.jpg
(Accessed on December 29, 2009)
{Painting Of King John}
[Slide 9]
•
GreenSage: http://www.greensage.com/ezine/09zines/05May09/ezine05-09SacredGeo.html
(Accessed on December 29, 2009)
{Drawing of the Knights Templar}
[Slide 7]