Transcript fuedalism powerpoint

• Feudalism - Step 1
– A political system in which kings and powerful
nobles (lords) distributed land to less powerful
nobles (vassals).
•Feudalism - Step 2
• In return these nobles promised loyalty, military
assistance, and other services to the more
powerful lord above him.
•Feudalism - Step 3
• Peasants and serfs living on this land will be
protected.
FEUDALISM
FEUDAL HIERARCHY
KING
Kings grant land to Nobles
LORD / VASSAL
Nobles can be both
LORD / VASSAL
Nobles can be both
LORD / VASSAL
Nobles can be both
Vassal / knight
Vassal / knight
Vassal / knight Vassal / knight
Vassal / knight
Vassal / knight
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FEUDALISM
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FEUDAL RELATIONSHIPS -
BETWEEN LORD & VASSAL
1. Honorable relationship
Only nobles could be lords/vassals.
2. The same man can be both a lord and a vassal.
3. Very personal relationship
Each man owed loyalties and
obligations to the lord directly above
him, or to the vassal below him.
FEUDALISM
FILL IN THE GRAPHIC ORGANIZER AS WE GO
• PARTICIPANTS
– KINGS
• DescriptionStill ruled the country, but were weak and
incapable of protecting their people.
• Role in FeudalismThey granted land on their royal estate to
powerful nobles in return for military
service.
Pay attention to the pictures
FEUDALISM
• PARTICIPANTS
– LORDS
• DescriptionPowerful nobles with economic and social superiority.
Lived in castles, on land granted to them by the king.
Lords acted as the government over their lands.
• Obligation to KingLords swear loyalty to the king and provide him with military
assistance when needed.
Pay attention to the pictures
FEUDALISM
•PARTICIPANTS
–LORDS
•Role in Feudalism-
Lords then split up their extra land and grant it to noble
vassals below them.
•Obligation to VassalsOffered protection to vassals
Treated vassals as equals
Helped organize agriculture and industry
FEUDALISM
• PARICIPANTS
– VASSALS
• DescriptionLess powerful nobles.
Warriors and sometimes knights.
Skilled in war.
They received the extra land (fief) from lords.
• Obligations to LordVassals swore an oath of fealty (loyalty) to their lord and
promised him military assistance and other services when
needed.
Pay attention to the pictures
FEUDALISM
• PARICIPANTS
– VASSALS
• Additional Obligations to the LordProvided armor, swords, and cavalry for the Lords army
Paid armies while at war
Sat in the lord’s court and judged cases
Provided lodging to lord when he traveled
Offered gifts to lord’s son or daughter
Paid ransom if lord was captured
Pay attention to the pictures
FEUDALISM
• PARTICIPANTS
– VASSALS
• Role in FeudalismVassals took the land (fief) granted to them by the
lord and the people already on the land, and
established self-sufficient communities.
• Obligations to Peasants & Serfs
Provide them with safety and protection.
FEUDALISM
•PARICIPANTS
–PEASANTS & SERFS
•Role in FeudalismPeasants & Serfs received protection from invaders.
•Obligations to the Vassal (their lord)Peasants and serfs provided the labor on the Vassals land.
Face of the country
But kings had little power
Powerful & Rich
Upper Middle
Class
&
Elite Fighters
Poverty Stricken
FEUDALISM
FEUDAL HIERARCHY
KING
Kings grant land to Nobles
LORD / VASSAL
Nobles can be both
LORD / VASSAL
Nobles can be both
LORD / VASSAL
Nobles can be both
Vassal / knight
Vassal / knight
Vassal / knight Vassal / knight
Vassal / knight
Vassal / knight
p/s p/s p/s
p/s p/s p/s
p/s p/s p/s
p/s p/s p/s
p/s p/s
p/s p/s p/s
p/s
Feudalism
KING
LOYALTY AND
SERVICE
LAND
POWERFUL
NOBLES
LOYALTY AND
MILITARY SERVICE
LAND AND
PROTECTION
LESSER NOBLES
(KNIGHTS)
LABOR
PROTECTION
SERFS AND PEASANTS
FEUDALISM
• Failure to Fulfill Obligations
– Vassals can renounce loyalty if lord;
• Fails to protect vassal
• Mistreats vassal
• Adds obligations that were not part of the feudal
contract
FEUDALISM
• Failure to Fulfill Obligations
– Lords can also opt out of contract if vassal fails
to meet their obligations.
• Vassals then tried for treachery
• Vassals could lose fief or life if guilty
FEUDALISM
• Feudal Justice
1. Trial by Battle - Duel
2. Compurgation (oath-taking) 3. Ordeal - Healing ability
Witnesses
FEUDALISM
• Warfare
– Kingdom vs Kingdom
– Lord vs Lord
– Lord vs Vassal
– Vassal vs Peasants
There was constant war during the middle ages
FEUDALISM
• Warfare
– Knights fought for lords
• Highly skilled soldiers from noble families
• Charged fee for fighting
– Excepted land as payment
– Warfare brought nobles
the opportunity to acquire
wealth & glory
Early feudal knight “fighting man”
FEUDAL WEAPONS
FEUDALISM
• Warfare
– Society suffered
– The Church tried to regulate war
• Peace of God
• Truce of God
– Enforcement was a problem
FEUDALISM
• Chivalry
– Code of conduct for knights
• Bravery
• Loyalty
• Respect
• Courtesy and Manners
– Helped improve behavior
– Coats of arms became badges of nobility
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• This was the economic system during the Middle Ages.
• Manor - an almost completely self-sufficient community.
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Manor house
Church
Pastures
Fields
Mills
Villages
• peasants and serfs
3 field system -->
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Overview
– Manors need to import salt, metals, and iron
– The lord keeps 1/3 of the land for himself
Domain
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Overview
– The other 2/3 is rented out to peasants
• They work their land and give the lord part of their
crops to pay rent
• They pay additional taxes
– Serfs & peasants do all the backbreaking work,
in return they are protected by the lord
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Lord / Vassal
– Oversaw production
– Provided safety and protection
• Clergy
– Handled religious duties
• Administered sacraments
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Life on the Manor - Nobility
– Housing
• A Manor Home or an early version castle
was home to the lord.
• These early structures were built for defense
not comfort.
Large stone castles come later in the middle ages
Early Mott Bailey Style Castle
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Life on the Manor - Nobility
– Clothing
» Bright colors, nice material, and long jackets
were a sign of wealth
» Women wore long gowns &
headdresses
Linen tunic
Head dress
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Life on the Manor - Nobility
– Food
• Meat (read meats, pork, poultry)
– Cooked and delivered by servants
• Fresh bread, vegetables and wine
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Life on the Manor - Nobility
– Entertainment
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Juggling
Feasts & banquets
Jousting & tournaments
Music
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Life on the Manor - Nobility
– Women
• Many women were educated in etiquette, dance, and
music.
» Monitored servants
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Life on the Manor - Clergy
– Housing
• Local priests lived in small
homes next to the church
Clothing
Priests wore black
Bishops wore white, red, gold
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Backbone of the manor
– Skilled Peasants
• Free people who could rent land from
their lord
– Paid rent in the form of labor & taxes
• Millers, Blacksmiths, Carpenters, and
Stonemasons
– Repaired and built buildings, roads, and
villages
– Made armor, weapons, furniture
• Worked long days, 6 days a week
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Backbone of the manor
–Additional Requirements of
Peasants
•Plowed fields
•Planted grains & vegetables in the
fields
•Harvested agricultural products
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Backbone of the manor
– Serfs
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Bound to the land
Restrictions to freedom
Produced food for the manor
Provided labor intense work in the
fields & cared for livestock
• Terrible living conditions
• Worked long days, 6 days a week
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
A typical day in the life of a serf
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Life on the Manor - Peasants & Serfs
– Housing
» Dirty, muddy, smoky, cold, damp
» One room shared by family & livestock
» Mud floors, leaky thatch roofs
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Life on the Manor - Peasants & Serfs
– Clothing
• Cheap tunics made from wool or sheepskin
• Long wool dresses
• Rope belts
Serfs wore “Dog Tags”
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Life on the Manor - Peasants & Serfs
– Food
– Dark bread made out of rye grain.
– They ate stew with vegetables from garden in it.
– Peasants did not eat much meat.
» They could hunt rabbits or hares but might be punished for
this by their lord.
» And Beer….
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Life on the Manor – Peasants & Serfs
– Entertainment
• Village Festivals
• Traveling Troubadours
• Story Telling
• Drinking
MANORIALISM
• Life on the Manor – Peasants & Serfs
– Women
• Livestock
• Clothes making
• Baking
• Cared for children
PEASANT & SERF COMPARISON
VENN DIAGRAM
Peasants
Serfs
Both
Not bound to land - Free
they could leave manor
Could rent land
Paid rent in labor & taxes
Skilled in different trades
Worked for lord
Received protection
Lived in village
Bound to land
No freedom
Couldn’t leave or marry
without approval
If land was sold, serfs stayed
Wore “dog tags”
PEASANT & SERF COMPARISON
VENN DIAGRAM
Peasants
Serfs
Both