Transcript Lesson12pp
Age of the Reformation I The Pre-Reformation John Wycliffe 1324-1384 Errr…John Wyclife Wyclif, Wyclyf, Wyclyffe Wiclif, Wiclef, Wicliff, Wycleff, Whyteclyve, Wyclyve + about 10 more versions John Wycliffe 1324-1384 • Morning Star of the Reformation • Well educated, spent most of life at Oxford and was master of Canterbury Hall • 1366 with the kings blessing he began rebuking Papal authority • 1377 Comes before the Tribunal of William Courtenay and leaves under the protection of the Duke of Lancaster John Wycliffe 1324-1384 • Pope Gregory XI orders Wycliffe to prison, but dies the year after, and the Papal Schism starts • 1380 Wycliffe founds the “pore priests” oxford graduates who go out preaching many without ordination • 1382 Courtenay becomes Archibishop of Canterbury and holds the Earthquake Synod • 24 articles of Wycliffe’s were condemned John Wycliffe 1324-1384 • Wycliffe loses King Richard II’s favor, is kicked out of Oxford and all his books are burned • Wrote the Trialogus • Denounced Indulgences as “an abomination of desolation in the holy place” • Was summoned to Rome, but refused saying he submits only to Christ’s authority John Wycliffe 1324-1384 • Finished his English paraphrase of the bible based upon the Vulgate • 1382 suffers a stroke resulting in minor paralysis • 1384 has another stroke and dies in church • 1413 Lateran decrees his books should be burned • 1429 Council of Constance orders him Exhumed and burned, scattering his ashes John Wycliffe 1324-1384 5 main themes in his teachings 1. The Nature of the Church 2. The Fallacy of the Papacy 3. The Priesthood 4. The Falsity of Transubstantiation 5. The Use of Scripture John Wycliffe 1324-1384 The Nature of the Church • A universal Church comprised of the Elect • All those who believe in Christ belong, regardless of their position with the RCC • The Peoples’ head is Christ • The concept of church vs. Church John Wycliffe 1324-1384 The Fallacy of the Papacy • totum papale officium venenosum • “The Papal office is wholly poisonous” • The Rock is Peter and all people • Mocked the “most holie fadir” John Wycliffe 1324-1384 The Priesthood Priests Absolution was only meritorious if they themselves were absolved • Celibacy is good but sinful if mandatory • No such thing as utilitarian sin • Anti-friar • “Fides est summa theologia” – Faith is the entirety of theology John Wycliffe 1324-1384 Falsity of Transubstantiation • Communion was meant figuratively • No transubstantiation without transaccidentiation • “Super omnia vincit veritas rationis” • The truth of reason will triumph over all John Wycliffe 1324-1384 The use of Scripture • Council of Toulouse 1229 forbid the bible to Laymen • Is the absolute authority • It has one Literal meaning • Must be accessable to ALL Lollards • A.K.A. Wycliffites • Came from the term lolium – tares or lullen – to sing • Based in England they were lumped with other heretics like the Beghards • Suppressed/Martyred during the Inquisition • 1st Generation wasn’t willing to be martyred, the later ones were • Against: forced celibacy, transubstantiation, pilgrimages, image worship, priestly confession, indulgences, mitres, oil, incense, and war John Huss 1369-1416 • John Jon Jan Hus Huss • A.K.A. “The Goose” • Lived in Bohemia, preached in Bethlehem Chapel in Prag(ue) • Was very wycliffean, following & “borrowing” many of his teachings • Crusade was called against Naples and Indulgence sellers came to Prag • Huss publically burned Papal Bulls John Huss 1369-1416 • He was Excommunicated, Interdicted, and Exiled • During exile he traveled around Bohemia protected by various nobles • Wrote De Ecclesia – mostly copied Wycliffe • Declared the Pope is not to be obeyed if he is a sinner • Oct 11, 1414 Huss is promised safe conduct by Emperor Sigismund to the Council of Constance John Huss 1369-1416 • Huss is falsely charged with escaping and imprisioned next to the latrines, becoming sick • He is transferred to the control of Sigismund and imprisoned along with ex-pope John XXIII • The council declared the cup forbidden to laity, Huss disagreed • Is given a public kangaroo trial and condemned • His books are forbidden and burned John Huss 1369-1416 • He is declared Heresiarch and his soul is condemned to hell by the council • He declares “and I commit myself to the most gracious Lord Jesus” • He was turned over to Sigismund in order that he be executed • May 30, 1416 is burned at the stake, all the while singing loud praise to God Hussites • Followers of Huss split into two main groups the Taborites and Calixtines • Popular revolt occurred in Prag after the burning of Huss • Council of Constance condemns the followers of Huss and newly elected Pope Martin V calls a crusade against Bohemia • The crusade was repelled and the Hussites invaded Germany • Council of Basel made peace in 1431, but the Taborists were unhappy Hussites • A 22,000 person slaughter occurred in Prag and the Taborists were defeated by the catholic sympathetic Calixtines • Calixtines existed until 1629 when they were crushed by Ferdinand • Unitares Fratres – the Bohemian Bretheren: moved to the countryside, rejected catholic sacraments, oaths, war, military service, purgatory and unworthy priests Fullness of time for the Reformation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Renaissance Rise of Intellectualism Printing Press Immoral Papacy Nationalism