Transcript Chapter 13: The Early Middle Ages

Chapter 7: The Early Middle Ages
Chapter 13: The Early Middle Ages
SECTION 1: CHARLEMAGNE’S
EMPIRE
Charlemagne
• Charlemagne became
king of the Franks in
768.
• His power came from
his military power.
• Pope Leo III called on
Charlemagne to help
defend the Papal States
from the Lombards.
• Charlemagne soon became king of the
Lombards and Franks.
• He would also become king of the Roman
people by 799.
Charlemagne’s Empire
• Charlemagne ruled with tremendous power.
• He established a capital in Aachen and chose
counts to rule his empire in his name.
• In return, counts were given land grants and
authority.
• Charlemagne would send inspectors around
his empire to keep tabs on the counts.
• Charlemagne wanted rulers who could read
and write.
• Schools were started by monasteries and
monasteries were staffed by educated priests
and monks.
• Charlemagne also
wanted Christianity
spread throughout his
empire.
• If you conquered
people didn’t convert,
they would be killed.
Chapter 13: The Early Middle Ages
SECTION 2: NEW INVADERS
• Vikings came from
Northern Europe,
where they lived in
Scandinavia.
• They lived in a mostly
rural and agricultural
society.
• When short on food,
they went on raids.
• The Vikings were skilled
navigators.
• Their first raids took
place in England and
Northern France.
• The Vikings would use
swords, axes, spears,
and shiekls to attack
• They would kill or capture anyone that stood
in their way.
• Captives would be sold into slavery.
• Vikings settled other
countries as well:
• Iceland in the 700s and
Greenland in 982.
• Leif Eriksson reached
North America in 1082.
• The Magyars started invading Europe from the
East.
• They were nomads who settled in what is now
Hungary.
• They attacked by horseback and usually
attacked small, less defended places.
• Muslims started raiding Southern Italy and
France during the 800s and 900s.
• They would attack in small, fast attacks.
• Muslims would also gain Christian strongholds
in Rome.
Chapter 13: The Early Middle Ages
SECTION 3: THE FEUDAL AND
MANORIAL SYSTEM
• Feudalism started
because kings in Europe
needed protection.
• Kings and nobles built
castles, usually on
hilltops.
• Knights were used to
defend the castle.
• Knights were usually
paid by land, called a
fief.
• Anyone who accepted a
fief was called a vassal
and the person whom
he accepted it was his
lord.
• This is the Feudal
• A knight’s chief duty was to provide military
service to his lord.
• If a lord was captured in battle, the knight was
obliged to pay ransom for his release.
• Manors were usually
owned by wealthy lords
or knights.
• Lords needed people to
farm these land so they
used peasants.
• Manor lords would give
protection and land
plots in return for labor.
• Most peasants that worked in manors were
serfs.
• Serfs were not free to leave the manor or
marry without permission from the lord.
• Serfdom was hereditary.
• Three Field System was
developed during this
time.
• One field would be
planted in the spring,
another in fall, and
other would be left
alone for a year.
Chapter 13: The Early Middle Ages
SECTION 4: THE GROWTH OF
MONARCHIES
• The Anglo-Saxons were rulers of England that
divided it up into seven kingdoms.
• Vikings would invade England in the 800s and
conquer some of the kingdoms.
• Alfred the Great would drive the Vikings out
for good by 878.
• In 1066, the king of England died without an
heir.
• Harold would be named king which angered
William.
• Their armies met at the Battle of Hastings,
which was won by William the Conqueror.
• William was a strong ruler.
• When he died his great grandson, Henry II,
would take over.
• He claimed French land when he married
Eleanor of Aquitaine.
• King John was forced to
sign the Magna Carta in
1215.
• Limited the king’s
power.
• Parliament would be
formed during the
1260s which would
become England’s
governing body.
• When Charlemagne died, his empire was
divided into two pieces.
• Otto the Great became king of Germany and
tried to unite the German states.
• He would become emperor of the Romans in
962, creating the Holy Roman Empire.
Chapter 13; The Early Middle Ages
SECTION 5: POWER OF THE CHURCH
• The pope is the head of the Roman Catholic
Church.
• They were powerful political figures during
the Middle Ages.
• Around 1100, there was an upswing of piety
in Europe, which is a person’s devotion to the
Church.
• Leo IX would start to
reform the Church in
1049.
• He helped put an end to
simony and
excommunicated
bishops that were guilty
of it.
• Leo upset many people when he
excommunicated the bishop of
Constantinople in 1054, which caused a split.
• Roman Catholics agreed with Leo and people
who sided with the bishop were Orthodox.
• In the Early Middle Ages, monasteries were
being set up all across Europe.
• They were paid for by local rulers.
• By the early 900s, monks decided that
monasteries should be strictly religious
places.