Transcript The Middle Ages

The Middle Ages
Dark Ages, Medieval Period
1485
1066
From _______
to _________
The Norman Conquest
1) The Norman Conquest took place in 1066
______ at the
____________________.
Battle
of Hastings, England
1 DAY
It lasted ______.
Harold
William
2) King _________
of England and Duke ___________
of
Throne of England
Normandy (France) both fought over the ______________.
King Edward the previous king, died without
Because ______________,
an heir, each thought he had been promised the crown.
3) _______
William won.
The Norman Conquest continued
4) This battle had a dramatic effect on English
history,
language, and culture
____________________.
5) The Duke of Normandy, also known as William the
Conqueror
________,
did not wish to eliminate the Anglo-Saxons.
rule them.
Instead, he wanted to _____
6) As a result of this wish, the two societies merged
______
(combined into one).
The Norman Conquest continued
administrative ability, ______,
law and order
7) The Normans brought ___________
unity to the new society.
and cultural _____
democratic and artistic
8) The Anglo-Saxons brought __________________
tendencies to the new society.
The Norman Conquest continued
9) One of William’s greatest administrative feats was the
Domesday Book an inventory of nearly all English
____________,
_________
(land, cattle, buildings, etc.). This great
property
taxed for
achievement made it possible for people to be _____
the first time in European history.
10) The joining of the Normans with the Anglo-Saxon culture
formed a powerful Anglo-Norman
__________entity that brought
mainstream of European ________.
civilization
England into the ________
The Norman Conquest continued
11) King William took the holdings of land, cattle, etc. from
English landowners and gave these to the
the fallen _______
French nobility
__________.
French language
12) These noblemen brought with them the ______________
social system called feudalism that displaced
and a new ___________
the Anglo-Saxon culture described in such writings as
Beowulf
______.
Feudalism
caste
13) Feudalism involved different kinds of systems: the ____
system, a social ranking based on birth, job; the property
military system.
system and the _____
hierarchy
14) Feudalism was based on a religious concept of a ________
God
with ______
being the supreme overlord. Because of this,
the people believed that the king was placed into power
God and so he was authorized to rule and hold land
by_____
divine right
by __________.
Feudalism continued
15) The structure of feudalism can best be visualized as a triangle
_______,
King then the knights who
with God on the top, then the _____,
land
landless knights, other vassals (those
owned ______,
then the ________
feudal lord
under the protection of a ___________
to whom he has vowed
serfs
homage and extreme loyalty), and lastly ______.
Each person
was a vassal to the one above him, for example, the King was a
vassal of God and the serf was a vassal of his overlord, the
landless knights, the landed knights, the King and God.
allegiance to his
16) Each vassal owed economic and/or military _________
overlord. Vassals who chose to _______their
overlord, or
disobey
weak overloads who couldn’t control their people, could cause
_____
feudalism to break down.
Feudalism continued
honor
17) If the vassals don’t _______their
oaths of ______
loyalty to their
overlords, knights would fight with each other and
anarchy
_________ would prevail.
f
18) Even with its faults, ________
gave this time period a
e
social order of form (structure) and manners
and art that
_________
___________
u
literature anddlife
permeated ____________.
a
l
i
s
m
Feudalism continued
19) The primary duty of every male above serf class was a
military obligation
_______________
to his overlord. These males were trained at
warriors
an early age (from around age 7) to become ________.
Not
every boy could become a knight, only those whose parents
Rich
were ________enough
to buy him a horse, armor, and weapons.
rich nobles
Knights were often the sons of _________.
manners
20) A knight’s education involved instruction in good _________
singing
social skills, such as ________,
and ______
dancing, and playing
shield
chess
______.
He also learned to use a sword and _________
at this
time. This training was often very harsh taking place in homes
strictness
not their own to ensure the _________.
At this time, he would
page
be known as a ______.
Feudalism continued
squire
21) At around age 14, the young boy would become a ______,
a kind of personal servant to the knight. If he completed
all the training successfully, the culmination of all this
dubbing a hard ________
testing blow to the
training would result in a ______,
knight
shoulder, at which time he earns the title of _______
and
warrior caste.
full rights to the _______
Feudalism continued
22) The institute of knighthood was based on the feudal idea
social codes
loyalty and was related to a whole system of ________,
of ______
the breaking of which could ___________
the knight’s
undermine
position and the whole __________
of knighthood and
institution
government.
The Woman’s Place in Medieval
Society
23) A peasant woman’s place in medieval society was to do
children
housework
_________________,
fieldwork, and bear ____________.
supervise
24) A woman of higher status would __________
the house,
estate or fieldwork and would bear children.
man
25) A woman was always subservient to a _____
within or
above her social status. That means her husband, her father,
her brother or even her ________
when he became an adult.
son
The Woman’s Place in Medieval
Society continued
26) In this primarily military system, a woman had no
political or property
______________
rights.
27) Depending on the social standing of her male (husband,
respect
father, etc.), a woman had some degree of __________.
Chivalry and Courtly Love
ideals and social codes that
28) Chivalry was a system of _______
knights and gentlewomen (upper class).
governed behavior of _____________________
oath of loyalty to the
Chivalry included adhering to one’s ____________
overlord,warfare
rules of _______ (for example, one would not attack an
unarmed
reverence (strong adoration)
__________
knight or opponent), and ________________________
self-improvement
to a particular lady for _____________.
29) COURTLY LOVE is holding a lady (usually of a higher class)
better yourself. The
far above you (on a pedestal) in order to ______
purifies
belief is that this kind of love ________
you. It is NOT sexual at
spiritual
idealized attitude
all; instead it is more _________.
It is an _________
improve
toward women, but did little to ___________
their station.
Chivalry and Courtly Love
continued
30) If the boundaries between courtly love and physical love
chaos
were crossed, it would mean _______________
and
anarchy
_________________.
The system of feudal would weaken
collapse
and ________________.
31) Chivalry was responsible for the form of literature known
Romance
as _________________________
(a knight on a
quest
__________________________).
32) The greatest example of this genre (type) of literature is
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
________________________________________,
from the
King Arthur legends.
New City Classes
33) While medieval society centered around the feudal
castle
____________________,
people began to migrate to
cities
_______________________,
causing new professions and
classes, such as tradesmen and middle class. This eventually
obsolete
would render feudalism _________________________.
34) The new classes that developed were the
___________________________
lower-middle, middle, and upper-middle classes, including the
merchant class.
New City Classes continued
35) Evidence of each of these classes can be seen in Chaucer’s
Canterbury Tales
____________________________________.
36) This new world was not centered around the castle, but
boundaries
was defined by the ___________________
of the cities
imagination
(London, Canterbury) and the _________________________
free
of the people. These people were ___________________
from the land; they were not tied to the castle.
New City Classes continued
merchant class
37) The ________________________________
was the most
important one emerging because the people in that class
had different tastes in art and
ideas
________________________
and they had the
money
________________
to buy or make the products they
needed. This new class produced
“people’s
art”
_______________________________
. New ideas and
freedom of expression of quality can be found in
architecture
_____________________________
(buildings, cathedrals,
guilds
art
etc.), _____________
(ballads, plays), and ________
and
craft unions.
The Great Happenings
38) To understand English literature from the period of King
William to that of Henry VII (1485 – 1509), we must be
aware of several specific events that radically influenced
history
the course of English _____________________________
life
and English _______________________.
The Crusades,
the martyrdom of Thomas a Becket, the Magna Carta,
The One Hundred Years’ War, and the Black Death
changed England and affected world history.
The Great Happenings continued
Muslims and Christians
39) The struggle between the ____________________
in the
14th century (1300’s) was really an extension of the Crusades,
religious wars
a series of __________________________
during the 11th,
12th and 13th centuries. Both groups were fighting for
Holy Land
___________________________,
also known as ___________.
Jerusalem
________________________
played significant roles in these
English Kings
Crusades, most notably ______________________________
Richard the Lionhearted
who took part in the 3rd Crusade. The
Muslims
_____________________
won.
The Great Happenings continued
40) A result of these wars was that English society benefitted
higher civilization , especially in the areas of
from contact with ___________
Eastern ______________________________,
astronomy,
mathematics
________________________
and crafts. This exposure led to
architecture
varied
a more rich and _____________________
life.
The Martyrdom of Thomas A
Becket
41) In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer’s pilgrims were going to
_________________________
to visit the
Canterbury
shrine of Thomas a Becket
__________________________________________________.
Thomas a Becket was called the Holy Blissful Martyr. He was
1170
born in 1118 and died in _______________.
He was a
Roman Catholic
___________________
who rose to power (as prime minister and
later Archbishop) under his friend _____________________.
Henry II
42) During this time, all Christians belong to the
Roman Catholic
________________________
Church.
Pope
43) The king, then, was the vassal of the ______________,
who was
the head of the church and the representative of
____________________
.
God
The Martyrdom of Thomas A
Becket continued
44) Henry II appointed Thomas a Becket the Archbishop of
Canterbury (_____________
of the Catholic Church in England)
Head
control
because he thought he would be able to ____________________
Church
the ___________________
through his friend. However, Henry II
commitment
underestimated Becket’s _______________________________
to
God and the Church. More than once, Becket sided with the
_______________________
rather than the _________________
church
king
and this frustrated and angered the king.
rage
45) In a fit of ___________,
the king voiced his anger to his
knights, saying “Won’t rid
no one __________ me of this
troublesome
_______________________
(meddlesome) priest?” The knights
took him seriously, and four of them entered the Canterbury
killed
Cathedral and __________________
Becket in the church!
The Martyrdom of Thomas A
Becket continued
46) Results of this rash deed impacted England: A) Thomas a Becket
became a __________________
B) the public was ____________________
outraged
martyr
power and respect
and C) the king lost ______________________________
.
47) At the worst, this loss of power for the king and the gain of power for
corruption
the Church produced __________________
of church. This can best be
illustrated in several characters from The Canterbury Tales: A) the
luxury
MONK, who lived a life of __________________
with no concern for the
poor
women
____________,
B) the FRIAR, who chases _______________
and
money
bars
____________________
and hangs out at _______________,
and C + D)
blackmail,
the SUMMONER and PARDONER, who ____________________
people
money
with threats of _________________
damnation for __________________
eternal
or wine.
The Martyrdom of Thomas A
Becket continued
48) The most positive effect of the medieval Church’s power was
cultural unity
that it fostered ___________________.
One unifying factor was
that the Church continued to be the _____________________
center of learning
with
Latin
__________
as its language, the international tongue of
educated
__________________
European people.
Pope
49) The Church’s leader, the _________,
was king of all
kings
______________,
whose “kingdom” had no boundaries.
50) What was happening in the monasteries also brought unity to
England: they were becoming the ______________________
and
libraries
publishers of the times.
The Martyrdom of Thomas A
Becket continued
51) The Church maintained a unified
system of beliefs
_____________________ and symbols that transcended
(went
beyond)
national
cultures the __________________________ of
Europe, making people more equal, at least in church.
The Magna Carta
Great Charter
52) The Magna Carta, also known as the ______________,
1215
King John
was signed in ________
by ________________________
.
forced
He was __________________
to sign it by the English
barons
______
because they wanted the Church to have no
loss of central Papal (Pope)
power. The __________________________________
backed King John, as he wanted the Church to retain
power. The result of the king signing this document was
_________________________________________________.
the church lost power
The Magna Carta continued
aristocrats
53) The Magna Cara was written by ________________
for
aristocrats
_____________________
with no interest in the rights of
common
__________________
people.
54) However, something good did come from this document:
constitutional law
It became the basis for English ________________________
jury
where we get certain rights – 1) trial by _______________
taxation
and 2) legislative ______________________.
The One Hundred Year’s War
55) Since war is usually associated with nationalism (the nation’s
interests, etc.) and the Early Middle Ages had no nations as we
national
know today, the first great ________________
war was waged by
France
England
________________
against ___________________________.
Two
Edward III
English kings, ______________________
and
__________________________
believed they had claims to the
Henry V
___________________
throne.
French
116
1337
56) This war lasted ___________
years, from __________________
1453
to ______________________,
and was fought on the continent, in
France
other words, in __________________.
The One Hundred Year’s War
continued
57) Three important things came out of this war: A) a
national consciousness
gradual development of a British _________________,
B)
England became more accurately represented by the greenyeoman
clad _____________________,
with his
longbow
______________________,
rather that the chivalric
knight
______________
in armor.
58) The figure of the yeoman, or small landowner, came from
British armies
________________________
in France.
The One Hundred Year’s War
continued
longbow
59) The yeoman’s ___________________
and yard-long
arrows
__________________
that shot farther and could pierce
armor helped bring about the downfall/demise of both the
castle
_____________
and the knight as symbols of significant
military power
___________________________.
Democratic England
60) The modern _________________________________
was
born. By 1250, the ENGLISH LANGUANGE had spread to
upper
the _________________________
classes.
The Black Death
61) Three blows to feudalism include A) the Black
plague
_______________
B) the Hundred Years’ War (with the
gunpowder
introduction of ______________________
and the longbow), and
monetary
C) the development of a universal __________________
system
(supported by the migration of people to cities).
plague
62) Another name for the Black Death is the Bubonic
__________________.
This epidemic happened in England during a one-year period,
1349
1348
from _________________
to _______________.
It is a highly
infectious/contagious
_______________________
disease spread by
fleas
infected rats
___________________
from __________________________.
It
caused tumors and black splotching on the skin.
The Black Death continued
63) Three effects of the bubonic plague include A) it reduced
1/3
England’s population by __________,
B) it created a
labor
serfs
_________________
shortage, which gave ________________
more
leverage/power, and ultimately led to C) the serfs’
freedom
__________________________
(this was the last blow to
feudalism).
64) By the time Henry VII married in 1485 and reconciled the
warring Houses of York and Lancaster, the __________________
Middle Ages
had officially ended. Henry VII, a strong king, was first in the
Tudors
Tudors
__________________
lineage. The _________________
would lead
to the beginning of the Renaissance, with
Queen Elizabeth I
________________________________
ruling.
The Black Death continued
65) A major event happened in 1450 that revolutionized
__________________ the world: the
invention
printing
press of the
______________________ (moveable type) by Johann
Gutenberg in Germany.