Transcript the middle ages

THE MIDDLE AGES
- OKAY! BACK TO EUROPE!
I. The Decline of the Roman Empire
- brings about the Middle Ages
a) also called:
- Medieval Period
- Dark Ages
- 500 - 1500 AD
European Middle Ages
CULTURAL CHANGES
THE MIDDLE AGES
II. The Fall of Ancient Rome
- The Germanic people invade
a) Trade was disrupted
- as a result, there was little
to no money
b) Downfall of Roman cities
- people flee to the country
THE MIDDLE AGES
c) The Loss of Learning
- The Germanic tribes were
illiterate
- People left for the country &
the learning level sank
d) The Loss of Latin (Language)
-Latin mixes with German
THE MIDDLE AGES
- Language changes from region to
region: “The Romance Languages”
a) French
b) Italian
c) Spanish
d) Portuguese
The Emergence of Germanic
Kingdoms
I. Changed ideas about government
A) In ROME the people went by
Public Laws
- everyone a “roman citizen”
B) In Germanic tribes family ties
and bonds were more important
The Emergence of Germanic
Kingdoms
- As a result, it was impossible to
establish orderly government for
large territories
The Age of Carolus Magnus
(Charles the Great)
II. Charlemagne Conquers an
Empire (Charles the Great)
A) A Frankish king (France)
B) Under Charlemagne:
a) Franks emerged as a force
Charlemagne
The Age of Charlemagne
C) The power of the Church was
established in political life
- Charlemagne was crowned
Holy Roman Emperor
- had power over all of
the Christian lands in
Europe
The Age of Charlemagne
D) New emphasis placed on
learning
- a return to Roman culture
- called the “Carolingian Empire”
III. Other Invaders: 800-1000 AD
A) Vikings- from Scandinavia
1. Quick raids
OTHER INVADERS
2. traders -sailors
3. farmers
4. explorers
- Leif Ericson: reached North
America (500 yrs. before
Columbus)
Extra Credit: Also called Norsemen
OTHER INVADERS
B) Magyars-from Turkey (Eastern
Europe)
- Came looking for slaves in the
800s AD
C) Muslims-from the Mediterranean
coast (900s AD)
VIKINGS
European Middle Ages
THE FEUDAL SYSTEM
The Feudal System
- “A system of Favors”
I. Hierarchy
A) King - the ruler of an area
B) Nobility- the rich, and
the landowners
-includes CLERGY
The Feudal System
C) Knights-The warriors
-they fought in exchange for
land (called a FIEF)
-lived by a Code of Honor
-called CHIVALRY
1. Brave
2. Loyal
D) Peasants – called Serfs; bound
to the land (poor/uneducated)
Feudal Life
GOTHIC CATHEDRALS
- Cathedrals in the Middle Ages
were called “cities of God”
- around 1100 AD the
new style of architecture was called
“Gothic”
a) characterized by stained glass
windows
Cathedral
GOTHIC CATHEDRALS
b) Gothic cathedrals thrust upward as
if reaching toward heaven
c) Other arts of the medieval world
clustered around the Gothic
cathedral: wood carvings
sculpture
European Middle Ages
POWER IN THE CHURCH
POWER IN THE CHURCH
I. A System of Hierarchy
A) Similar to the Feudal System
- Pope: Father of the Church
- Bishops
- Priests
- most people only knew
their parish priests
CHURCH LAWS
II. Canon Law
A) The Sacraments
- only way to achieve
salvation
1. Baptism
2. Confirmation
B) Church put forth moral laws
CANON LAWS
A) Excommunication
- separation from the Church
B) Interdict
- the king’s whole territory
is separated from the
Church; not allowed to take
the sacraments
European Middle Ages
HOLY WARS
THE HOLY CRUSADES
I. First Crusade
A) Called for by Pope Urban II
- 1093 AD
- Supposed to be aiding the
Byzantine Empire
- also Christian; trying to
regain control of Jerusalem
HOLY CRUSADES
II. Outpouring of Crusading Spirit
A) Crusading Spirit
- strong religious feelings
- 50,000 to 60,000 knights
went out
1. If killed during battle
will have life in heaven
1st and 2nd CRUSADES
2. Secular Benefits:
a) Kings wanted to get rid of
bickering knights
b) Many riches to be won
-minerals
-jewels
-financing trips
1st and 2nd CRUSADES
B) Disastrous Results:
- Many knights died
- Ill prepared for 1st Crusade
a) Didn’t know territory
b) Didn’t know climate
c) Didn’t know culture of
people
1st and 2nd CRUSADES
d) No strategy
- besieged Jerusalem for ONE
month
-captured one city; Edessa (1099)
a) very vulnerable to counter
attack
- by 1144 AD, lands recaptured
3rd and 4th CRUSADES
III. Third Crusade
- led by three powerful monarchs
A) Richard the Lionhearted
B) Phillip Augustus
C) Barbarossa (Frederick I)
- Richard was left alone to defend
himself against Saladin
3rd and 4th CRUSADES
- after many battles they called
a truce (1192 AD)
a) The lands remained under
Muslim control
b) Christians could freely
visit
IV. Fourth Crusade
3rd and 4th CRUSADES
Cont:
- It was a disaster
- Became entangled in Italian and
Byzantine politics
a)Knights looted
Constantinople
b) SPLIT the Church: E & W
SPANISH SPIRIT
-Spain was historically controlled by
MOORS until the 1100’s AD
- Muslims from Africa
I. The Reconquista
- in the 1100s meant to drive
the Muslims out of Spain
SPANISH SPIRIT
II. The Inquisition
- by the late 1400s the Muslims
were gone
-Spain still had a large Jewish
population
- Ferdinand & Isabella wanted
The Inquisition
- CONT: to unify under Christianity
a) They wanted to repress heresy
- a HERETIC was a person
who was non-Christian
b) Muslim & Jewish converts
accused of heresy
The Inquisition
- CONT:
- In 1492 AD, the rest of the
Muslims and Jews were expelled
III. Bubonic Plague
- killed 1/3 of Europe’s
population; came to Europe
European Middle Ages
DISEASE AND DECLINE
BUBONIC PLAGUE
- CONT: through trade from Asia
- came into Italy
a) Known as the Black Death
- purple & black spots on the skin
- called Buboes
b) Swept through Europe
- carried through: flees, lice, mice
BUBONIC PLAGUE
c) Tore society apart
- too contagious
- chivalry went out the door; honor
went too
d) Blamed on the Jewish community
- needed a scapegoat
- said they poisoned the water wells
Black Plague
EFFECTS OF THE PLAGUE
IV. Effects of the Plague
a) Trade collapsed
b) People lost faith in the church
c) Farmland was abandoned
- Serfs left the manors
d) Prices rose
ENGLAND-Middle Ages
- William the Conqueror Creates a
Nation! (1066)
A)William the Conqueror was from
France
-AKA: William of Normandy
B) He conquered England and spread
French culture to England
England-Middle Ages
-William the Conqueror created the
“Doomesday Book”
- a book that recorded the census
C) King John- “The Magna Carta”
-1215 AD;Forced to sign the
document by his nobility;
*No Taxation without Representation
The 100 years War
I. Was between France
and England
A) Fought over power
and land
- Joan of Arc
Continued 100 yrs War
-CONT: Helped France
beat Britain
- called herself a
“Messenger from God”
Effects of the War
France: Gets the throne
back
English: Lose all French
lands
- Knights go away
archery replaces
100 years War
CONT: Both countries
have NATIONALISM
-strong pride in their
nation