Transcript Chapters 9 and 10

Chapters 9 and 10 Vocabulary
Pope
Monk
Missionaries
Bishopric
Abbess
Feudalism
Vassal
Knights
Fief
Estates
Homage
Pope Urban II
Magna Carta
manor
Charlemagne
interdict
William of Normandy
feudal contract
heresy
scriptoria
sacrament
Clovis
Inquisition
Justinian
vernacular
wergild/ordeal
chivalry
schism
guild
Scholasticism
SQ3R
SURVEY – skim over section headings
(in red and/or blue)
Create a QUESTION you think the section
will answer.
READ the section.
WRITE an answer
Review
Questions from chapter 9.1
Block 3
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1.What are the new Germanic Kingdoms?
What did the Visigoths obtain? Who were the Ostrogoths?
2. Who were the Franks?
What did Clovis say to his Christian wife before he converted?
3. What was the Germanic society like?
What were the differences between the Roman and German
society?
4. Who headed the Christian church? (Bishop)
What did the Bishop in Rome become?
5. What is a monk?
What do monks do on a daily basis?
6. How much land did the Carolingian Empire cover… approx.?
Block 3… more questions
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Who was one of the Mayors of the Frankish kingdom who lost power to
the Mayor of the palace?
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Who is Charlemagne?
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7. What did Charlemagne’s coronation symbolize?
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Who was the most powerful Christian ruler?
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8. What is the scriptoria?
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What was the Carolingian renaissance?
Questions Block 1 Chap. 9.1
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Who were the Visigoths?
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Where did the Ostrogoths and Visgoths live and did they use the Roman
structure of govt.?
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What excluded Romans from holding power?
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Who established the Frankish kingdom?
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What was he?
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What changed Clovis’s mind to convert to Christianity?
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After Clovis converted to Christianity, who was eager to gain his
friendship and why?
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What did the Germans do to avoid bloodshed?
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How was the price for a crime decided?
Block 1 more questions
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What role did the Church play and how was it organized?
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What is a monk?
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What had happened by the end of the 4th century? – Christianity
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What was the monks mission?
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What was the scriptoria?
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What was the Carolingian empire?
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What did the administration of empire depend on?
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What title did Charlemagne in 800?
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What did Charlemagne’s coronation as a Roman Emperor include?
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How did Charlemagne bring back learning and education to Rome?
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What did the Carolingian monks establish and what did it do for us?
The Decline of the
Western Empire
Eastern Empire
survives
Theories about the
Fall
 Barbarians
 West easier to invade
 Plague
 Declining manpower
 Decadence – lack of
initiative
 Army devours the
state
 The role of
Christianity
Origins of Christianity
◦ An Emperor Becomes
the Church’s Patron
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Constantine
Edict of Milan = tolerance
Unity
The Victory of Christianity
Theodosius the Great
 State religion: All others
outlawed
Social and political
order Feudalism
Lord
Knight/Vassal
Fief
Homage
Patron/client relationship
Obligations of a vassal: military service, financial aid
Obligations of a lord: protection, maintenance
Homage – a ceremony in which a vassal pledges to protect and defend his lord
like providing military service or paying ransom. This was a loyalty oath or
vow between two people – not to a nation or religion.
KING
Appointed for protection and to handle territory
LORDS
Appointed to protect both the lord and king
KNIGHTS
Appointed to work the land
SERFS
Feudalism –
The Pyramid of Power
The pyramid of power which was
the Feudal system ran to a strict
'pecking' order - during the
Medieval period of the Middle
Ages everyone knew their place.
The order of rank and precedence in
the Medieval Feudal System was as
follows:
The Pope The King Nobles Knights
/
Vassals Freemen Merchants Serv
ants Peasants / Serfs
The Medieval Feudal Contract
Life in the Medieval Castle was governed by the pyramid-shaped
Feudal System.
This was based on the belief that the land belonged to God - but
that the Kings, who ruled by Divine Right, managed the land and
used it as they wished.
The Kings needed the good will and support of the Nobles and
Knights so they granted them lands in return for their military
services.
The Nobles and Knights would in turn grant some of their lands to
Freemen.
Life lived under the Medieval Feudal System demanded that
everyone owed allegiance to the King and their immediate
superior.
Became key part of unwritten rules known as the feudal contract.
Knights
Trained to be warriors.
Used tournaments to refine and
show off fighting skills.
“A knight cannot distinguish
himself in war if he has not
trained for it in tourneys.”
(p. 295)
Chain mail armor, crossbows, maces, axes –
All very expensive AND heavy
Chivalry
Code of ethics.
Catholic Church’s influence led
to evolution of nobility and an
ideal of civilized behavior.
Fight for glory and not material
reward.
CASTLES
Provide protection from invasions
Time to earn your keep!!!!
King – Make that Queen!
Lord – Collect the $
Vassals- Pay your lord and get service from the peasants
Peasants – enjoy the protection of your lord – for a price…. Start writing
Chapter 9 Section 3 (p. 297)
Contracts
Exit card – lesson idea vote
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Lord – only distribute stickers when work
is completed. All work must be checked.
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Activity on Theodora and Elanor of Aquitane (not Isabella)- 3 facts
on each. Then compare/contrast these women of power.
Section 9.3
Section 9.4
Hagia Sophia – read and answer questions on back
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Points awarded for completed group work
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Norman Conquest
William the Conqueror
 Common Law
 King John and the Magna Carta
 Hundred Years War –France and England
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A. The Early Byzantine Empire
◦ 1. Capital at Constantinople
◦ 2. Abandonment of the West (Rome)
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B.
Justinian the Great (r. 527-565)
of Byzantium
◦ 2. Reestablish of the Roman (Christian) Empire
in Mediterranean
◦ 3. Codex Justinianus – Body of Civil Laws – basis
for legal system for much of Europe too.
◦ 4. Hagia Sophia (Church of the Holy Wisdom)
◦ 5. Schism – split between Eastern Orthodox and
Catholic churches. Pope Leo IX and Patriarch
Michael Cerularius excommunicated each other.
◦ 5. Pressure from Islamic forces – Seljuk Turks
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Emperor Alexius asked Europe for help.
HAGIA SOPHIA
4 large piers crowned by an enormous dome
(with 42 windows) “as if suspended from
heaven”.
Twice destroyed by fire and rebuilt.
Dome destroyed by earthquake – rebuilt.
THE CRUSADES
Pope Urban II
 “All who die… whether by land or by sea, or in battle against
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the pagan, shall have immediate remission (forgiveness) of sins.”
At the Council of Clermont in France.
Challenged Christians to take up arms in a holy war (crusade)
against the infidels (unbelievers) – Muslims.
Islam/Muslims
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Rise of Ottoman Turks
Mohammed – prophet of Allah (God)
Quran – believed to be the “correct” word of
God.
Preserved mathematical and scientific
knowledge of the West during the Middle Ages.
Created algebra, unique artwork and
architecture
Early Crusades
Adventure, religious fervor, fighting, riches,
a title, trading opportunities.
 The First Crusade – Holy City
(Jerusalem) taken but only after a bloody
massacre of its inhabitants.
 Hard to maintain a far away kingdom
 Saladin (Muslim) took city back (3rd)
 Richard I, Phillip II (France), Emperor
Barbarossa (Germany).
 Settlement reached.
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Fallout
Increased trade
 Politics
 End of feudalism
 Taxes
 Persecution of Jews
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Feudalism
Manor –Estate living
Feudal contract was mutual
 Not legally bound to each
other.
 Protection worked both
directions.
 Free farmers
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Peasants became serfs
 Legally bound to the land
and lord, to pay rent, and
live under the control of
the lord and church.
 Lord had political power to
run own courts and try
their serfs for crimes
committed.
 However, the lord was still
responsible for protecting
the serf and his land.
Life on a manor
Trade fairs set up in cities allowing northern merchants to trade their furs,
woolen cloth, tin and honey with the merchants of northern Italy for cloth,
swords as well as spices, silk and sugar from the East.
Guilds
established
Trade grew
as skills and
products
increased
City
governments
developed
Merchants
and artisans
settled in
cities
Population
doubled
Peaceful
times
Growth
of
Towns
Farming
improved
Rise of the towns laid the foundations for the transformation of Europe
from a rural, agricultural society to an urban, industrial one.
Money economy
As trade increased the demand for gold and silver coins grew. An
economic system based on money instead of bartering emerged.
This in turn led to new trading companies and banking firms.
City government
The need for the freedom to trade meant a need for new laws.
The manor system currently in place needed to grant more
liberties to townspeople. Eventually new government systems
were created.
Guilds
Regulated prices, standards, methods of trade and production of
most crafts being made and sold.
Apprentices
Masters
The Expansion of the
Church
– Pope Gregory VII and
– Pope Innocent III
– Tried to decree that the Pope was
supreme over all mortalsincluding removal of influence of
kings and nobles.
– When kings fought back –the
Pope used interdict – refusal to
perform sacraments.
– Pressure from people forced the
kings to bow to Papal pressure.
Pilgrimages also became a big part of
Christianity. Traveling to religious sites (or
shrines) to worship.
Reaching Jerusalem was the greatest and
most difficult trip to make.
Monasteries and
Convents as centers of
education, charitable
activity, economic
productivity and political
power.
12th century brought
about a change in
literature. Making it
available in the common
spoken language or
vernacular
Scholasticism – to reconcile faith
and reason way of teaching.
St. Thomas Aquinas
Made the most famous
attempt at reconciling the
doctrines of Christianity with
Greek philosophers like
Aristotle.
The Inquisition
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St. Francis of Assisi – born into a wealthy
Italian family.
◦ Captured and imprisoned during a war
Experience led him to give up worldly pursuits to live
and preach in poverty.
His simple and joyful love of life attracted many
followers.
Franciscan monks lived IN the world – not away from
it.
BUT others were not so giving and open.
The Inquisition…
Heresy – denial of basic Church doctrine.
Church thought it was saving souls.
 Creation of a court to deal with heretics.
 If the accused confessed – public penance
such as flogging.
 If not – tortured until they did.
 If still not – executed.
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Gothic – pointing toward Heaven
and letting God’s light.
Stained glass, flying buttress, pointed
arches, ribbed vaults, thin walls
Architecture
Bourges Cathedral
Romanesque
Rectangular with barrel vault (round
stone arched structure) or cross vault,
massive pillars, dark inside
In 1095, who called for a crusade to
recapture the Holy Land?
  Pope Innocent III
  Pope Urban II
  King Richard
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2. The First Crusade began after claims
that these Christians had been attacked.
 Crusaders
  Pilgrims
  Children
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3. Which of these was not a reason for
the crusades?
 Capture Italian ports
  Reinforce the power of the Church
  Gain lands and wealth
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4. This Islamic leader defeated a Christian
army, recaptured Jerusalem, and made
peace with Richard the Lionheart.
 King Frederick I
  Saladin
  Pope Urban
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5. Of the many crusades, which was the
only one that did not end in failure?
  The First
  The Third
  The Children’s Crusade
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Exit Card
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What do you think were the 3 most
important events, people or ideas you
learned about today were?